The Effectiveness of Stress Reduction-Based Cognitive Therapy on Perceived Stress and Migraine Symptoms of Women Suffering from Migraine اثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر کاهش استرس بر استرس ادراک شده و علائم میگرنی زنان مبتلا به سردردهای میگرنی 2 2 Background: A headache is considered as one of the most common physical complaints and a type of debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that affects people's social, communicative and occupational tasks. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress reduction-based cognitive therapy on perceived stress and migraine symptoms in women suffering from migraine. The instruments used in this study included the Perceived Stress Questionnaire and Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire. The present study data were analyzed using the covariance analysis. Methods: The present study adopted a pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all patients suffering from migraine who went to the medical centers in Tehran in 2017. In this study, convenient sampling and random assignments were used. In fact, amongst the migraine patients, 30 patients were selected through a convenient sampling method that were then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received an intervention in a three-month period in ten 90-minute sessions, whereas the control group did not receive this intervention during the research process. The patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Results: The results of data analysis showed that stress reduction-based cognitive therapy was effective on perceived stress and migraine symptoms in women suffering from migraine (P-value < 0.001), that is to say, this treatment can reduce perceived stress and migraine symptoms in women suffering from migraine Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on stress reduction can be used as an effective treatment to reduce stress and migraine symptoms in women with migraine As the study findings revealed, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on stress reduction can be used as an effective treatment to reduce stress and migraine symptoms for women suffering from migraine. 210 218 2018/09/25 1397/7/3 2018/12/4 1397/9/13 Angham Amin Nasab Angham Amin Nasab Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran. Iran Angham1347@yahoo.com Zahra Yousefian Zahra Yousefian a Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran. Iran r.yoosefian@gmail.com Marmareh Sehatti Marmareh Sehatti a Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran. Iran Marmareh.sehatty@gmail.com Cognitive Therapy Migraine Symptoms Stress Talarska D, Zgorzalewicz Stachowiak M, Michalak M, Czajkowska A, Hudaś K. Functioning of women with migraine headaches. The Scientific World Journal. 2014;1-8.##Rasmussen BK, Lipton RB. Epidemiology of headache. In: Olson J, Hansen PT, Welche KM, editors. Headaches. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000: 163-72.##Soleimani E, Habibi Asgarabad M, Basharpour S, Shikheslami A, Nooripour Liavali R. Effectiveness of self-control training on quality of life dimensions in migraine patients. Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ). 2016; 19(3): 27-37.##Wu MF, Yang YW, Chen YY. The effect of anxiety and depression on the risk of irritable bowel syndrome in migraine patients. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2017;44:342-345.##Farnam AR, Arfaei A, Nouhi S, et al. Relationship between depression and degree of pain feeling in patients with migraine headache. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2008;2(2):143-148. [Persian]##Mahdavi R, Tarighat Esfanjani A, Ebrahimi M, Talebi M, Ghaemmagami J. Effects of oral magnesium for migraine prophylaxis. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009;1:103-108.##Mahvari J, Mirhosseini M, Rafieian Mahmoud. A Comparative Study on the Preventive Effects of Cyproheptadine and Phenytoin on Pediatric Migraine Headaches. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2004;11(45):1-5.##Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The international classification of headache disorders. Cephalalgia. 2004;24(1):9-160.##Yaghini O, Mahmoudian T, Behfar S, Alavirad M, Ghorbani R, Pooya B. Prevalence of headache in 11 to 18-year-old students in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2011;29(149)1046-1054. [Persian]##Kachoei H, Ameli J, Sharifi Bonab MM, Tavalaei SA, Keshavarzi N, Karami GH. The factors effect on migraine incidence. Kowsar Medical Journal. 2006;11(3):279-284. [Persian]##Azimi V, Jafarabadi A, Bousari P, Kashshfi MB. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on perceived stress of patients with myocardial infarction. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 2012;20(81):18-27.##Safavi M, Nazari F, Mahmoodi Majdabadi M. The Relationship Of Migraine Headache And Lifestyle Among Women. Iran Journal of Nursing (IJN). 2008;21(55).89-100:##Abazary F, Abbaszadeh A, Arab M. A study on level and sources of stress in nursing students. Strides in Development of Medical Education. 2004;1(1):23-31. [Persian]##Abedalhafez A, Altahayne Z, Alhaliq M. Sources of stress and coping style among athletes' students in Jordan University. 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BMC Health Services Research. 2008;8(1):211.##Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Blomberg B, et al. Cognitive-behavioral stress management reverses anxiety-related leukocyte transcriptional dynamics. Biological Psychiatry. 2012;71(4):366-372.##Sizoo BB, Kuiper E. Cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness based stress reduction may be equally effective in reducing anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2017;64:47-55.##Granath J, Ingvarsson S, von Thiele U, Lundberg U. Stress management: A randomized study of cognitive behavioral therapy and yoga. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 2006;35(1):3-10.##Luberto CM, Magidson JF, Blashill AJ. A case study of individually delivered mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy for severe health anxiety. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2017;24(4):484-495.##Schmid G, Henningsen P, Dieterich M, Sattel H, Lahmann C. Psychotherapy in dizziness: A systematic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2011;82(6):601-606.##Holmberg J, Karlberg M, Harlacher U, Magnusson M. One-year follow-up of cognitive behavioral therapy for phobic postural vertigo. Journal of Neurology. 2007;254(9):1189.##Andersson G, Asmundson GJ, Denev J, Nilsson J, Larsen HC. A controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy combined with vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness. Behavior Research and Therapy. 2006;44(9):1265-1273.##Johansson M, Akerlund D, Larsen HC, Andersson G. Randomized controlled trial of vestibular rehabilitation combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for dizziness in older people. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. 2001;125(3):151-156.##Asemi Zavareh Neda, Asgari Karim, Chitsaz Ahmad. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management on neurological signs in women with somatoform vertigo. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2017;27(10):863-870. [Persian]##Asghari F, Sadeghi A, Aslani K, Saadat S, Khodayari H. The Survey of Relationship between Perceived Stress Coping Strategies and Suicide Ideation among Students at University of Guilan, Iran. International Journal of Education and Research. 2013;1(11):111-118.##Martin AJ, Marsh HW. Academic buoyancy: Towards an understanding of students' everyday academic resilience. Journal of School Psychology. 2008;46(1):53-83.##Sajadi Nejad M, Mohammadi N, Ashjazadeh N. Effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on perception of stressors in recurrent headache patients. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2009;11(2):8-15. [Persian]##Keogh E, Bond FW, Flaxman PE. Improving academic performance and mental health through a stress management intervention: Outcomes and mediators of change. Behavior Research and Therapy. 2006;44(3):339-357.##Neshatdust HT, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Dehghani F, Molavi H. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management therapy on patient, s quality of life with alopecia aerate in skin disease and leishmaniasis research center of Esfahan. Arak Medical University. 2009;2(12):125-133.##Klein DN, Leon AC, Li C, et al. Social problem solving and depressive symptoms over time: A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, brief supportive psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(3):342.##Abniki E, Abdolghasemi A, Abbasi M, Moazzez R, Jalali R. The effect of group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management on improved hardiness and self-control in depressed women. Quarterly Clinical Psychology Studies. 2015;5(19):99-118.##Orly S, Rivka B, Rivka E, Dorit SE. Are cognitive–behavioral interventions effective in reducing occupational stress among nurses?. Applied Nursing Research. 2012;25(3):152-157.## ##

The Effect of Divorce Counseling based on Gottman's Approach on the Self-Efficacy in Divorce Management of Couples Applying for Divorce تاثیر مشاوره طلاق مبتنی بر رویکرد گاتمن بر افزایش خودکارآمدی در مدیریت طلاق زوجین متقاضی طلاق 2 2 Background: Today, couples applying for divorce need more self-efficacy in their divorce management. Self-efficacy in divorce management helps divorcing couples make the right decision to continue their married life or leave. The present study aimed to determine the effect of divorce counseling based on Gottman's approach on self-efficacy in divorce management within couples who applied for divorce in Yazd. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was based on pre-test, post-test, and follow-up method in which the case-control group design was applied. The study population included all couples who applied for divorce in Yazd in 2017. We selected 32 participants using purposive sampling, who were then divided into experimental and control groups. In order to collect the study data, we used Zareei's self-efficacy questionnaire in divorce management. To analyze the data, we run multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), two-way analysis of variance, and repeated measurement tests. Results: The results of MANOVA analysis indicated that the experimental group used self-efficacy more frequently than the control group in divorce management and its subscales. Moreover, analysis of two-way variance showed that gender did not have a significant correlation with the training results. In other words, the effect of education was the same for both genders. Moreover, the results of repeated measurement analysis indicated significant differences between the levels (pre test with post test and follow up). Conclusion: Gottman-based divorce counseling affected self-efficacy in divorce management of couples applying for divorce in Yazd. The effectiveness of this training was the same for both males and females. As a result, for those couples who want to divorce, such training seems to be extremely necessary. 219 227 2018/09/252018/05/30 1397/3/9 2018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Department of Psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Iran zareei_h@yahoo.com Fatemeh Zarei Fatemeh Zarei Department of Sociology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Iran Divorce Counseling Tendency to Divorce Divorce Management Gottman Self-Efficacy Ferraro AJ, Oehme K, Bruker M, Arpan L, Opel A. The impact of training videos on attitudes about parenting after divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 2018:1-1.##Wilder SE. Predicting adjustment to divorce from social support and relational quality in multiple relationships. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 2016;57(8):553-572.##Zareei Mahmoodabadi H. The effectiveness of retraining attribution styles on dimensions of family functioning in divorce applicant couples. Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2014;4(3): 367-387.##Gottman JM. A theory of marital dissolution and stability. Journal of Family Psychology. 1993;7(1):57.##Zareei Mahmoodabadi H. Investigating the predictive factors of tendency to divorce, developing an indigenous intervention model and its effectiveness on the desire and efficiency of divorce management in divorce applicant couples in Yazd. [Doctorate Thesis]. Iran. Isfahan University, Faculty of Education and Psychology; 2012. [Persian]##Gottman JM, Silver N. The seven principles for making marriage work: A practical guide from the country's foremost relationship expert. Harmony; 2015.##Pourmovahed Z, Mahmoodabad SS, Zareei Mahmoodabadi H, Tavangar H, Ardekani SM, Vaezi AA. Family stability and conflict of spiritual beliefs and superstitions among Yazdi people in Iran: A qualitative study. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 2017;7(10):97.##Pourmovahed Z, Mahmoodabad SS, Zareei Mahmoodabadi H, Tavangar H, Ardekani SM, Vaezi AA. Deficiency of self-efficacy in problem-solving as a contributory factor in family instability: A qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;13(1):32.##Zareei Mahmoodabadi H. Examination of attachment styles and personality factors as predictors of divorce in normal and divorce applicant couples in Yazd, Iran. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2013;2(4):554-572.##Faryabi F, Zareei Mahmoodabadi H. Comparative Study of Marital Adaptation, Happiness and Divorce Inclination in Traditional and Non Traditional Marriages. Toloo e Behdasht. 2015;14(3):83-94.##Sohrabi N, Hosseini SM, Hoshyar H. Comparison of general health, social adjustment, happiness, life expectancy and emotional intelligence among divorced women with or without sexual relation. The Social Sciences. 2016; 11:3610-3617.##Amato PR. The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and Family. 2000;62(4):1269-87.##Tejada Vera B, Sutton PD. Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: Provisional data for 2009. National Vital Statistics Reports. 2010;58(25): 1-6.##Kaslow FW, Schwartz LL. The dynamics of divorce: A life cycle perspective. Philadelphia, PA, US: Brunner,Mazel; 1987.##Wilder SE. Predicting adjustment to divorce from social support and relational quality in multiple relationships. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 2016;57(8):553-72.##Saadati H, Lashani L. Effectiveness of gestalt therapy on self-efficacy of divorced women. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;84:1171-1174.##Zareei Mahmoodabadi H, Younesi J. The effectiveness of cognitive techniques on improvement of family function in mal adjusted couples. Journal of Daneshvar Raftar. 2009;29:35-52.##Arizi HR, Farahani H. Research methods in clinical psychology and counseling. Iran: Danje; 1998.##Gall MD, Borg WR, Gall Joyce. Educational Research an Introduction. (Translated by Nasr R). Iran, Tehran: Samt Publication. 1998.##Haseley JL. Marital satisfaction among newly married couples: Associations with religiosity and romantic attachment style. [Unpublished Doctorate Thesis]. University of North Texas. 2006.##Finzi R, Cohen O, Ram A. Attachment and divorce. Journal of Family Psychotherapy. 2000;11(1):1-20.##Cooper C. The new handbook of psychotherapy and counseling with men: A comprehensive guide to settings, problems, and treatment approaches, revised edition. California: Jossey-Francisco; 2001. P:335-352.##Bray JH, Jouriles EN. Treatment of marital conflict and prevention of divorce. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 1995;21(4):461-473.##Buss DM, Shackelford TK. Susceptibility to infidelity in the first year of marriage. Journal of Research in Personality. 1997;31(2):193-221.##Davoodi Z. Investigating the effect of the solution-based approach on decreasing tendency toward divorce in susceptible women and men in Isfahan. [MSc Thesis]. Iran. Isfahan University, Faculty of Education and Psychology; 1999. [Persian]##Frisby BN, Booth Butterfield M, Dillow MR, Martin MM, Weber KD. Face and resilience in divorce: The impact on emotions, stress, and post-divorce relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2012;29(6):715-735.##Emery R. Marriage, divorce, and children's adjustment. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage;1999.##Arkes J. The temporal effects of divorces and separations on children's academic achievement and problem behavior. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 2015 2;56(1):25-42.##Peleg OR. The relation between differentiation and social anxiety: What can be learned from students and their parents?. The American Journal of Family Therapy. 2005;33(2):167-183.##Mahmoodabadi HZ, Bahrami F, Ahmadi A, Etemadi O, Zadeh MS. The effectiveness of retraining attribution styles (cognitive therapy) on dimensions of family functioning in divorce applicant couples. International Journal of Psychological Studies. 2012;4(2):257.##Mahmoodabadi HZ, Sardadvar N, Nasirian M. Effectiveness of psycho educational intervention in improving symptoms of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and general family functioning of companions. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2018. [In Press]## ##

Investigating Health Literacy of Teachers in Asaluyeh بررسی سواد سلامت معلمان شهرستان عسلویه 2 2 Background: Health literacy is defined as the ability of individuals to read, understand, and act on health-related concepts in order to make healthy decisions. This study was conducted to determine the level of health literacy of teachers in Asaluyeh city, Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 200 teachers who were selected using stratified random sampling method in Asaluyeh in the academic year 2015 - 2016. Health Literacy for Iranian Adults questionnaire (HELIA) was used to measure their health literacy. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 and by using descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, independent- samples T test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of participants was 30.56 years (SD = 4.5(, 59% of them were male (n = 118) and 41% were female (n = 82). Teachers' health literacy status was in moderate level for 9.6% of participants (n = 99) regarding access to information, for 44.6% of participants (n = 89) regarding information comprehension in, for 68.4% of participants (n = 136) regarding judgment and assessment, and for 68.4% of participants (n = 136) regarding information use. We found that health literacy had a significant relationship with gender and age. Conclusion: In this study, teachers' health literacy was at moderate level. So, it is necessary to provide effective internet resources and useful sites. We should also conduct health education programs in media such as radio and television to improve health literacy in teachers, especially in more experienced teachers. 234 228 2018/09/252018/05/302018/05/12 1397/2/22 2018/12/42018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Ali Asadian Ali Asadian Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran a.assadian.a@gmail.com Ahmad Sotoudeh Ahmad Sotoudeh Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Iran sotoudeh_ahmad@yahoo.com Mojgan Zarei Venovel Mojgan Zarei Venovel Department Medical Library and Information, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Iran venovel14@gmail.com Roghaieh Moosai Roghaieh Moosai Department Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Iran moosai2017@gmail.com Health Literacy Teachers Asaluyeh city Manganello JA, Sojka CJ. An exploratory study of health literacy and African American adolescents. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing. 2016;39(3):221-239.##Wolf MS, Feinglass J, Thompson J, Baker DW. In search of 'low health literacy': Threshold vs. gradient effect of literacy on health status and mortality. Social Science & Medicine. 2010;70(9):1335-1341.##Manganello J, Gerstner G, Pergolino K, Graham Y, Falisi A, Strogatz D. The relationship of health literacy with use of digital technology for health information: implications for public health practice. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 2017;23(4):380-387.##Jovic Vranes A, Bjegovic Mikanovic V, Marinkovic J, Kocev N. Health literacy in a population of primary health-care patients in Belgrade, Serbia. International Journal of Public Health. 2011;56(2):201-207.##Marmot M, Friel S, Bell R, Houweling TA, Taylor S, Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The Lancet. 2008;372(9650):1661-1669.##Javadzadeh SH, Sharifirad GH, Reisi M. Health literacy among adults in Isfahan, Iran. Health System Research. 2013;9(5): 540-549. [Persian]##Pirzad A, Sharifirad G. A survey of healthy life styles in teachers in district 4 of Isfahan, Iran. Health System Research. 2012;7(6):1075-1081. [Persian]##Ghaffari Nejad A, Pouya F. Self promoting behaviors among teachers in Kerman. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2002;11(43):1-9. [Persian]##Lee SY, Arozullah AM, Cho YI. Health literacy, social support, and health: A research agenda. Social Science & Medicine. 2004;58(7):1309-21.##Cho YI, Lee SY, Arozullah AM, Crittenden KS. Effects of health literacy on health status and health service utilization amongst the elderly. Social Science & Medicine. 2008;66(8):1809-1816.##Javadzade SH, Sharifirad G, Radjati F, Mostafavi F, Reisi M, Hasanzade A. Relationship between health literacy, health status, and healthy behaviors among older adults in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2012;1:31. [Persian]##Nutbeam D. The evolving concept of health literacy. Social Science & Medicine. 200;67(12):2072-8.##Tavousi M, Haeri Mehrizi AA, Rafiee Far Sh, et al. Health Literacy in Iran: Finding from National Study. Payesh. 2016;15(1):95-102. [Persian]##Fouladi N, Hazrati S, Shabani M, Nejaddadgar N. Investigating Middle-aged Health Literacy in Ardabil. Journal of Health Literacy. 2017; 2(1):39-44. [Persian]##Mozafari M, Borji M. Assessing the Health Literacy Level of Parents with School Children in Ilam, 2015. Journal of Nursing Education 2017;5(6):53-61. [Persian]##Izadirad H, Zareban I. The relationship of health literacy with health status, preventive behaviors and health services utilization in Baluchistan, Iran. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2015;2(3):43-50. [Persian]##Afshari M, Khazaei S, Bahrami M, Merati H. Investigating adult health literacy in Tuyserkan city. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2014; 1(2):48-55. [Persian]##Lee SY, Tsai TI, Tsai YW, Kuo KN. Health literacy, health status, and healthcare utilization of Taiwanese adults: results from a national survey. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10(1):614.##Von Wagner C, Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behavior in a national sample of British adults. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2007;61(12):1086-1090.##Ozdemir H, Alper Z, Uncu Y, Bilgel N. Health literacy among adults: A study from Turkey. Health Education Research. 2010;25(3):464-477.##Tehrani Banihashemi SA, Amirkhani MA, Hagh-doost AA, et al. Health literacy and the affecting factors: A study in five provinces of Iran. Strides in Development of Medical Education. 2007;4(1):1-9. [Persian]##Kandula NR, Nsiah Kumi PA, Makoul G, et al. The relationship be-tween health literacy and knowledge improvement after a multimedia type 2 diabetes education program. Patient Education and Counseling. 2009;75(3):321-327.##Davis TC, Wolf MS, Arnold CL, et al. Development and validation of the Rapid Estimate of Adolescent Literacy in Medicine REALM-Teen): A tool to screen adolescents for below-grade reading in health care settings. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):1707-1714.##Mollakhalili H, Papi A, Sharifirad Gh, Zare Farashbandi F, Hasanzadeh A. A survey on health literacy of inpatients educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Health Information Management. 2014; 11(4):464-473. [Persian]##Sahrayi M, Panahi R, Kazemi SS, Goli Rostami Z, Rezaei H, Jorvand R. The study of health literacy of adults in Karaj. Journal of Health Literacy. 2017;1(4):230-238. [Persian]##Ghanbari Sh, Majlesi F, Gafari M, Mahmoodi Majdabadi M. Evaluation of health literacy of pregnant women in urban health centers of Shahid Beheshti Medical University. Daneshvar Medicine. 2012;97(19):1-12. [Persian]## ##

The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Mental Endurance, Self-Compassion and Resilience of Infertile Women اثربخشی روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر بر تحمل روانی، خودشفقتی و تاب‌آوری زنان نابارور 2 2 Background: Infertility creates many psychological problems for infertile women. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on mental endurance, self-compassion and resilience of infertile women. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. The statistical population of the present study included infertile women in Tehran in 1396 who visited the infertility centers of hope and doctor Shariati. In this study among the infertile women who referred to infertility center of Tehran, 30 women were selected and placed randomly in the test group and the control group. The test group received the intervention in two and a half months at ten sessions of 90 minutes. However, the control group did not receive this intervention during the research process. The questionnaire used in this study included Psychological distress tolerance questionnaire. Resilience Scale and self-compassion questionnaire. The data were analyzed through analysis of covariance using statistical software SPSS24. Results: The results of the analysis showed that positive psychotherapy has been effective on mental endurance, self-compassion and resilience of infertile women (P-value < 0.001). Therefore, it has been able to improve mental endurance, self-compassion and resilience of infertile women. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an effective treatment for mental endurance, self-compassion and resilience of infertile women. 235 244 2018/09/252018/05/302018/05/122018/09/26 1397/7/4 2018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Robabeh Keshavarz Mohammadi Robabeh Keshavarz Mohammadi School of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Tehran, Iran. Iran Simakeshavarz45@gmail.com Somayeh Agha Bozorgi Somayeh Agha Bozorgi School of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Alborz Branch, Alborz, Iran. Iran nafasbozorge@yahoo.com Soheila Shariat Soheila Shariat School of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Science and Research Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Soheilashariat1395@gmail.com Masoumeh Hamidi Masoumeh Hamidi School of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran. Iran Masoome769@gmail.com Mental Endurance Self-Compassion Resilience Infertility Positive 1. Chachamovich J, Chachamovich E, Fleck MP, Cordova FP, Knauth D, Passos E. Congruence of quality of life among infertile men and women: findings from a couple-based study. Human Reproduction. 2009;24(9):2151-2157.##Mitchell A, Fantasia HC. Understanding the effect of obesity on fertility among reproductive-age women. Nursing for Women's Health. 2016;20(4):368-376.##Noruzinejad GH, Mohammadi SD, Seyedtabaee R, Sharifi AH. An investigation of the prevalence rate and severity of symptoms of depression and its relationship with duration of infertility among infertile men referred to Infertility Center Jahad Daneshgahi Qom in 2013, Iran. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2016;10(2):82-87.##Izadi N, Sajjadian I. The relationship between dyadic adjustment and infertility-related stress: The mediated role of self-compassion and self-judgment. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing (IJPN). 2017;5(2):15-22.##Zhang C, Li T. Culture, fertility and the socioeconomic status of women. China Economic Review. 2017;45:279-288.##Kazemijaliseh H, Tehrani FR, Behboudi Gandevani S, Hosseinpanah F, Khalili D, Azizi F. The prevalence and causes of primary infertility in Iran: A population-based study. Global Journal of Health Science. 2015;7(6):226.##Pinto Gouveia J, Galhardo A, Cunha M, Matos M. Protective emotional regulation processes towards adjustment in infertile patients. Human Fertility. 2012;15(1):27-34.##Güleç G, Hassa H, GÜNES E, Yenilmez C. The effects of infertility on sexual functions and dyadic adjustment in couples that present for infertility treatment. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;22(3):166-176.##Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2011;18(3):250-255.##Repokari L, Punamäki RL, Unkila Kallio L. Infertility treatment and marital relationships: A 1-year prospective study among successfully treated ART couples and their controls. Human Reproduction. 2007;22(5):1481-191.##Newton CR, Sherrard W, Glavac I. The Fertility Problem Inventory: Measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertility and Sterility. 1999;72(1):54-62.##O'Rourke N, Tuokko HA. Psychometric properties of an abridged version of the Zarit Burden Interview within a representative Canadian caregiver sample. 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Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between academic burn-out and psychological health in Korean cyber university students. Personality and Individual Differences. 2013;54(8):899-902.##Phelps CL, Paniagua SM, Willcockson IU, Potter JS. The relationship between self-compassion and the risk for substance use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2018;183:78-81.##Soysa CK, Wilcomb CJ. Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. Mindfulness. 2015;6(2):217-226.##Flink IK, Smeets E, Bergbom S, Peters ML. Happy despite pain: Pilot study of a positive psychology intervention for patients with chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. 2015;7: 71-79.##Uliaszek AA, Rashid T, Williams GE, Gulamani T. Group therapy for university students: A randomized control trial of dialectical behavior therapy and positive psychotherapy. 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Comparison of Mindfulness, Psychological Capital, and Self-compassion between Students with Externalizing Behavior Problems and Normal Students مقایسه ذهن‌آگاهی، سرمایه‌های روان شناختی و خودشفقتی در دانش‌آموزان با مشکلات برونی‌سازی شده و دانش‌آموزان عادی 2 2 Background: The aim of this research was to compare mindfulness, psychological capital, and self-compassion between students with externalizing problems and normal students in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods: The statistical population of this case-control study included all the students with externalizing problems and normal students in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2017 - 2018. We used purposive non-probability sampling to collect the samples. In this regard, 100 students with externalizing problems and 100 normal students were selected and asked to complete questionnaires. The questionnaires used in this study included Mindfulness Skills questionnaires, Self-compassion questionnaire, and PSY CAP (The Psychological Capital) questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS23 using analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the mindfulness, PSY CAP, and self-compassion were significantly different between the two groups (P-value < 0.0001). The students with externalizing problems had lower scores in mindfulness, PSY CAP, and self-compassion than the normal students. Conclusion: Students with externalizing behavior problems had lower mental health due to their vulnerable cognitive and psychological processes. Accordingly, mindfulness, PSY CAP, and self-compassion scores were significantly different between the normal students and those with externalizing problems. Considering this difference, we suggest the authorities to pay enough attention to such varieties and conduct appropriate interventions accordingly. 245 253 2018/09/252018/05/302018/05/122018/09/262018/03/27 1397/1/7 2018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Fatemeh Sadat Mirhosseini Fatemeh Sadat Mirhosseini School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran Fsmirhosseini@gmail.com Zahra Motahari Nasab Zahra Motahari Nasab School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Iran motahari1355@gmail.com Moslem Asli Azad Moslem Asli Azad Yung Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Azzad2020@gmail.com Mindfulness Psychological Capital Self-Compassion Externalizing Problems 1. Gimpel GA, Holland ML. Emotional and behavioral problem of young children: Effective intervention in the preschool and kindergarten years. New York: Guildford. 2002.##Farmer RF, Gau JM, Seeley JR, Kosty DB, Sher KJ, Lewinsohn PM. Internalizing and externalizing disorders as predictors of alcohol use disorder onset during three developmental periods. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2016;164:38-46.##Gump BB, Dykas MJ, MacKenzie JA, et al. Background lead and mercury exposures: Psychological and behavioral problems in children. Environmental Research. 2017;158: 576-582.##Landers AL, Bellamy JL, Danes SM, Hawk SW. Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of American Indian children in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review. 2017;81:413-21.##Listug Lunde L, Bredemeier K, Tynan WD. Concurrent parent and child group outcomes for child externalizing disorders: Generalizability to typical clinical settings. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy. 2005;1(2):124-130.##Di LG, Iselin AR, Lansford JE, et al. Parents' and early adolescents' self-efficacy about anger regulation and early adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems: A longitudinal study in three countries. Journal of Adolescence. 2018;64:124-135.##Hoseini YS, Mashhadi A, Kimiaee SA, Asemi Z. Effectiveness of children of divorce intervention program (CODIP) on externalized and internalized problems in children of divorce. Family Psychology. 2015;2(1):3-14. [Persian]##Hicks BM, South SC, DiRago AC, Iacono WG, McGue M. Environmental adversity and increasing genetic risk for externalizing disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(6):640-648.##Battagliese G, Caccetta M, Luppino OI, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for externalizing disorders: A meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness. Behavior Research and Therapy. 2015;75:60-71.##Nadaf S, Heydari E. The study of the relationship between mindfulness and aggression in 9th grade high school students in Ahvaz, Iran. at: First International Comprehensive Conference on Psychology, Education Sciences and Social Sciences. Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz; 2016 Feb 17; Iran, Ahvaz. Civilica; 2016. [Persian]##Kabat Zinn J. Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 2003;10(2):144-156.##Hashemi Nosrat Abad T, Rastegar Faraj Zadeh L, Khanjani Z, Mashinchi Abbasi N. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction method on continuity of care behaviors in mothers of chronic diseases. Quarterly Journal of Advanced Psychological Research. 2016; 10(38): 187-201. [Persian]##Neff K. Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity. 2003;2(2):85-101.##Neff KD. The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development. 2009;52(4):211-214.##Park JJ, Long P, Choe NH, Schallert DL. The contribution of self-compassion and compassion to others to students' emotions and project commitment when experiencing conflict in group projects. International Journal of Educational Research. 2018;88:20-30.##Nolen Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2000;109(3):504-511.##Golparvar M, Mosahebi Mr. Predicting senile people's spiritual well being through psychological capital components. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2015;16(3):4-12. [Persian]##Avey JB, Luthans F, Smith RM, Palmer NF. Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2010;15(1):17-28.##Delavari A. Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Virayesh Publishing; 2000. [Persian]##Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB. Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment. 2004;11(3):191-206.##Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;84(4):822-848. Buchheld N, Grossman P, Walach H. Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (Vipassana) and meditation based psychotherapy: The development of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Journal for Meditation and Meditation Research. 2001;1(1):11-34.##Feldman GC, Hayes AM, Kumar SM, Greeson JM, Laurenceau JP. Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.2007;29(3):177.##Chadwick P, Hember M, Mead S, Lilley B, Dagnan D. Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: Reliability and validity of the Mindfulness Questionnaire. Assessment. 2005;11:206-216.##Dehghan Manshadi Z, Taghavi MR, Manshadi Marich Dehghan. Psychometric characteristics of the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Journal of Clinical Psychology Andishe Va Raftar. 2012;7(25); 27-36. [Persian]##Shahbazi M, Rajabi Gh, Maghami E, Jelodari A. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Persian version of the self-compassion rating scale-revised. Journal of Psychological Models and Methods. 2015;6 (19): 31-46.##Forohar M, Hovida R, Jamshidian R. Psychological Capital and Entrepreneurship among Faculty Members. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy. 2012;2 (8): 83-100. [Persian]##Farokhi E, Sabzi Neda. Happiness and perception of family communication patterns: The Mediating role of psychological capital. Developmental Psychology (Journal of Iranian Psychologists). 2015;11 (43):313-323. [Persian]##Ghezelsefloo M, Jazayeri R, Bahrami F, Mohammadi R. relationship between original family health and self-compassion with marital commitment. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016;26(139):137-148. [Persian]##Baker LR, McNulty JK. Self-compassion and relationship maintenance: The moderating roles of conscientiousness and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2011;100(5): 853-873##Neff KD, Rude SS, Kirkpatrick KL. An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality. 2007;41(4):908-916.##Neff KD, Hsieh YP, Dejitterat K. Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity. 2005 Jul 1;4(3):263-287.##Dousti M, Pourmohamadreza Tajrishi M, Ghobari Bonab. The effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of female street children with externalizing disorders. Developmental Psychology (Journal of Iranian Psychologists). 2014;11(41):43-54. [Persian]##Ahmadvand Z, Heydarinasab L, Shairi Mr. Prediction of psychological well-being based on the components of mindfulness. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology. 2012;1(2):60-69.##Keng SL, Smoski MJ, Robins CJ. Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review. 2011 Aug 1;31(6):1041-1056.##Dabbaghi P, Asgharnejad Farida A, Atef Vahidb M K, Bolharic J. Effectiveness of group cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and spiritual schema activation in the prevention of opioid abuse relapse. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP). 2008; 13(4):366-375. [Persian]## ##

Effectiveness of Quinn's Early Educational Program on Attention and Memory of Preschool Children in Isfahan اثربخشی برنامه آموزشی زود هنگام کوئین بر توجه و حافظه کودکان پیش از دبستان شهر اصفهان 2 2 Background: Early intervention at preschool age can resolve many cognitive and metacognitive problems of children. Accordingly the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Quinn's early educational program, on attention and memory of pre-school children in Isfahan city. Methods: The study design was Randomized controlled trial. The study population included parents of all pre-school children in Isfahan city during school year 2016 - 2017. Thirty persons were selected through convenience sampling and then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The research tool that was used in this study is Conner’s Neuropsychological Testing 2004. First, the pretest was conducted for both groups; then the experimental group was exposed to eight 90-minute sessions of Quinn's early educational program; but there was no interference for the control group. At the end of the intervention, the posttest was conducted for both groups. The data of the study was analyzed through covariance analysis test. Results: The findings showed that Quinn's early educational program has impacts on the attention and memory of pre-school children (P-value < 0.0005). The average of children's memory and attention were 18.7 (7.12) and 11.73 (5.68) in order to 11.45 (11.4) and 4.93 (2.45), respectively. Conclusion: Given the impact of Quinn's program on the memory and attention of pre-school children, this training can be used to improve the attention and memory of preschool children. 254 264 2018/09/252018/05/302018/05/122018/09/262018/03/272018/09/26 1397/7/4 2018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Sayehnaz Saniei Abadeh Sayehnaz Saniei Abadeh School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran S64.saniei@gmail.com Ahmad Abedi Ahmad Abedi School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran a.abedi@Edu.ui.ac.ir Quinn's Early Educational Program Attention Memory Preschool Anderson PJ, Reidy N. Assessing executive function in preschoolers. Neuropsychology Review. 2012;22(4):345-360.##Malekpur M. Early Intervention Programs for Young Children with Special Needs, Theory and Practice - A Model for Iran. Research on Exceptional Children. 2003;7(1):39-54. [Persian]##Klingberg T, Fernell E, Olesen PJ, et al. Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD-a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005;44(2):177-186.##Hartman J, Hunfalvay T. Effect of attentional focus of learning the basic cast for fly fishing. at: 2002 AAHPERD National Convention and Exposition; 2002 Apr 9-13; San Diego, CA.##Seidman LJ. Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan. Clinical Psychology Review. 2006;26(4):466-485.##Pezzica S, Vezzani C, Pinto G. Metacognitive knowledge of attention in children with and without ADHD symptoms. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2018;83:142-152.##Quinn K. Testing for Kindergarten. Simon and Schuster: New York; 2010.##Nelson K, Fivush R. The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review. 2004;111(2):486-511.##Ganji H. Mental Health. Tehran: Roshd Publication; 2011. [Persian]##Masoura EV, MacGinitie WH, Kamons J, Kowalski RL, MacGinitie RK, MacKay T. Establishing the link between working memory function and learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal. 2006;4(2): 29-41.##Lerner JW, Lowenthal B, Egan RW. Preschool children with special needs. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2003.##Taroyan NA, Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ. Behavioural and neurophysiological correlates of dyslexia in the continuous performance task. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2007;118(4):845-855.##Lee K, Ng SF, Ng EL, Lim ZY. Working memory and literacy as predictors of performance onalgebraic work problems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2004;89(2):140-158.##Ribaupierre A. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2015. P:120-124.##Cowan N, Aulme C. The development of memory in childhood. UK: Psychology Press; 1997.##Adolphs R, Tranel D, Denburg N. Impaired emotional declarative memory following unilateral amygdala damage. Learning & Memory. 2000;7(3):180-186.##St Clair-Thompson HL. Executive functions and working memory behaviors in children with a poor working memory. Learning and Individual Differences. 2011;21(4):409-414.##Abedi A, Malakpoor M. Investigation of efficacy of educational – psychological early interventions for improving executive functions and attention of children with neuropsychological learning disabilities. Journal of New Educational Approaches. 2010;5(1):65-86. [Persian]##Meisels SJ, shonkoff JP. Handbook of early Childhood intervention. New York: Cambridge University Press;1990.##Kirk S, Gallagher J, Coleman MR, Anastasiow N. Educating exceptional children. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2006.##Schertz HH, Odom SL, Baggett KM, Sideris JH. Effects of joint attention mediated learning for toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: An initial randomized controlled study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 2013;28(2):249-258.##Ebrahimi AA, Abedi A, Yarmohammadian A, Faramarzi S. Effectiveness of Quinn's parenting program on psychological well-being of pre-school children with neuropsychological/ developmental learning disabilities. Modern Applied Science. 2016;10(4): 179-188.##Kavianpour F, Malekpour M, Abedi A. Efficacy of executive functions training (response inhibition) on the rate of impulsivity in preschool children with developmental coordination disorder: A single-subject research. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2013;14(1):70-80. [Persian]##Schulz RA. Joint attention intervention with assisting parent mediated techniques to increase a toddler with autism spectrum disorder use of joint attention: A single case study. [MA Thesis]. Mankato, United States: Minnesota University; 2015.##Maloney EA, Converse BA, Gibbs CR, Levine##SC, Beilock SL. Jump-starting early childhood education at home: Early learning, parent motivation, and public policy. 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Adaptation and standardization of Connor neuroscience inventory on children aged 1 to 57 years old in Isfahan. New Educational Approaches. 2011;3(1):19-30.##Armitage S. Birth order: College students' perceptions of their ordinal position compared to Alfred Adler's categories. [MSc Thesis]. United Sates. Wisconsin-Stout University, The Graduate School; 2007.##Talebpour A, Nouri A, Moulavi H. The effects of cognitive training on locus of control, achievement motivation and academic performance of high school students. Journal of Psychology. 2002;6(1):18-29. [Persian]##Bann CM, Wallander JL, Do B, et al. Home-based early intervention and the influence of family resources on cognitive development. Pediatrics. 2016;137(4):1-11.## ##

Relationship of Glass Ceiling and Mental Health with Burnout in Women Working in Khansar and Golpayegan Health Care Networks in 2018 رابطه سقف شیشه‌ای و سلامت روان با فرسودگی شغلی زنان شاغل در شبکه بهداشت و درمان خوانسار و گلپایگان، سال 1397 2 2 Background: Burnout affects people's occupational performance and reduces their efficiency. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of glass ceiling and mental health with burnout among women working in Khansar and Golpayegan health care networks. Methods: The study population of this analytical- correlational study consisted of women working in Khansar and Golpayegan health care networks in 2018. In order to collect data, 159 women were selected from these health care networks using convenience random sampling. Data collection instruments were General Health Questionnaire, Glass Ceiling Inventory and Burnout Questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires and drawing raw data, analysis of the data was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis). Results: Glass ceiling perception was correlated with emotional exhaustion 0.49 and personal accomplishment -38.8, and mental health with emotional exhaustion 0.54 and personal accomplishment -0.50 among women employed in Khansar and Golpayegan health care networks (P-value < 0.001). Predictor variables (glass ceiling perception and mental health) could significantly predict emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. The model's coefficient of explanation also showed predictor variables (glass ceiling perception and mental health) could explain 46.2% and 26% of the variation in emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment in these women. Conclusion: Given the significant role of glass ceiling perception and mental health in predicting emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment of employed women, it is suggested that the causative agents of the glass ceiling and damaging ones to mental health in employed women be taken into account to prevent burnout among them. 265 274 2018/09/252018/05/302018/05/122018/09/262018/03/272018/09/262018/08/27 1397/6/5 2018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Houri Bayati Houri Bayati School of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran Bayatih59@gmail.com Azam Alavi Azam Alavi Department of Nursing, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran Azam_alavi92@yahoo.com Glass Ceiling Mental Health Burnout Yew T. Job satisfaction and affective commitment: A study of employees in the tourism industry in Sarawak, Malaysia. Sunway Academic Journal. 2007;4:27-43.##Nouranipour Rahmatallah, Akbarzadeh Abdoljabar Hasan. A study of the relationship between personality characteristics and petrochemical corporation personnel's' job satisfaction in Tabriz. (Journal of Instruction and Evaluation) Journal of Educational Sciences. 2011;4(14);25-44. [Persian]##Pardakhtchi MH, Ahmadi Gh, Arezomand F. The quality of work life and burnout among teachers and principals in Takestan schools. Journal of Educational Leadership & Administration. 2009;3(3):25-50. [Persian]##Hosseini M, Sedghi Goyaghaj N, Alamadarloo A, Farzadmehr M, Mousavi A. The relationship between job burnout and job performance of clinical nurses in Shiraz Shahid Rajaei hospital (thruma) in 2016. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery. 2017;6(2):59-68. [Persian]##Ca-adas De la Fuente GA, Vargas C, San Luis C, García I, Ca-adas GR, Emilia I. Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2015;52(1):240-249.##Van Droogenbroeck F, Spruyt B, Vanroelen C. Burnout among senior teachers: Investigating the role of workload and interpersonal relationships at work. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2014;43:99-109.##Dworkin AG, Saha LJ, Hill AN. Teacher burnout and perceptions of a democratic school environment. International Education Journal. 2003;4(2):108-120.##Ambrose SC, Rutherford BN, Shepherd CD, Tashchian A. Boundary spanner multi-faceted role ambiguity and burnout: An exploratory study. Industrial Marketing Management. 2014;43(6):1070-1078.##Adriaenssens J, De Gucht V, Maes S. Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review of 25 years of research. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2015;52(2):649-661.##Meyer RM, Li A, Klaristenfeld J, Gold JI. 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A Case Report of Formative and Summative Evaluations of a Graduate Course on Foundations of Health Promotion for Masters of Public Health Students گزارش موردی ارزیابی شکل گیری و خلاصه ای از یک دوره فارغ التحصیل در زمینه ارتقاء سلامت برای استادان دانشجویان بهداشت عمومی 2 2 Development of foundational skills among Masters of Public Health (MPH) students is challenging with regard to the mastery of delivering health education and health promotion methods. In this case report we documented the conceptualization details and results from the formative and summative evaluations of one foundational course on health promotion implemented at a Southern US University. The course was based on the constructs of a fourth generation framework of Multi-Theory-Model (MTM) of health behavior change that aimed at helping the students to acquire the behaviors needed for imparting the health education and health promotion methods in the real world settings. In formative evaluation, a qualitative assessment is used, whereas, in the summative evaluation both qualitative and quantitative approaches are applied. We used a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) framework to conduct this study. Some of the documented strengths of the course included practical applications, interactive learning, and good use of the Canvas platform, group work, and skill building activities. The weaknesses of the course were the difficult nature of the subject and the fact that some presented methods were not clear. Some suggested opportunities for future offerings included having better environmental props, more online participation, and guest speakers. Some threats identified by the students were decrease of enrolment and possible reduction of face-to-face interactions due to online offerings. Overall, the instructor was successful in imparting skills pertaining to the methods for conducting health promotion within public health. The skill building activities and assignments elaborated in this course can be freely replicated for enhancing the learning acumen of MPH students around the world. This case report forms the basis for critical reflection among educators entrusted with designing such courses. 275 286 2018/09/252018/05/302018/05/122018/09/262018/03/272018/09/262018/08/272018/06/26 1397/4/5 2018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/42018/12/4 1397/9/13 Manoj Sharma Manoj Sharma School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Mississippi, United States of America. United States of America manoj.sharma@jsums.edu Public Health Health Behavior Health Education Health Promotion Sharma M., Branscum PW, Atri A. Introduction to community and public health. San Francisco. CA: Jossey-Bass; 2014.##Council on Education for Public Health. CEPH. Available at: URL: https://ceph.org/ Accessed June 25, 2018.##Yin RK. Case study research and applications: Design and methods. 6th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishers; 2017.##Sharma M, Nahar VK. Building skills of minority doctoral students to apply health behavior theories: A case study. Webmed Central Public Health. 2018;9(1).##Sharma M, Nahar VK. A case study of teaching public health to graduate students in speech language pathology. Webmed Central Public Health. 2017;8(7).##Sharma M, Nahar VK. A case study of teaching research methods in health promotion to African American doctoral students. Webmed Central Behavior. 2017;8(3).##Sharma M. Multi-theory model (MTM) for health behavior change. Webmed Central Behavior. 2015;6(9).##Sharma M. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. 3rd ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2017. P: 250-262.##Instructure. Canvas learning management##Anthony I. SWOT self-analysis: Student assessment and monitoring. Nurse Educator. 2016;41(3):138.##Thomas S, Chie QT, Abraham M, Raj SJ, Beh L. A qualitative review of literature on peer review of teaching in higher education: An application of the SWOT framework. Review of Educational Research. 2014;84(1):112-159.##Berg KE, Latin RW. Essentials of research methods in health, physical education, exercise science and recreation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008. P:245-258.## ##