The Effect of Educational Program on the Prevention of Pediculosis in Primary School Fifth Grade Students: An application of the Health Belief Model تاثیر برنامه آموزشی در زمینه پیشگیری از پدیکلوزیس در دانش آموزان دختر پایه پنجم ابتدایی: کاربردی از مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی 2 1 مقدمه: پدیکلوزیس یکی ازمشکلات شایع در جهان است که باوجود بهبود وضع بهداشت، هنوز هم توزیع جهانی دارد.از آنجایی که این بیماری از معمولا از راه تماس مستقیم(سر به سر) و غیر مستقیم(استفاده از وسایل شخصی دیگران) انتقال می یابد باعث میشود شرایط شیوع در اماکن پرجمعیتی مثل مدارس فراهم شود. و باعث به وجود آمدن مشکلات جسمی و روانی برای دانش آموزان گردد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر آموزش مبتنی بر مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی در زمینه پیشگیری از پدیکلوزیس در دانش آموزان دختر پایه پنجم شهر بافق در سال تحصیلی 96-95 انجام شد. روش ها : مطالعه حاضر، یک مطالعه کارآزمایی شاهددار تصادفی شده بود. جمعیت مورد مطالعه، 110نفر از دانش آموزان دختر پایه پنجم بودند که به روش نمونه گیری چندمرحله ای انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمون(55 نفر) و گروه کنترل(55نفر) تقسیم شدند .ابتدا برای تعیین شیوع پدیکلوزیس، دانش آموزان از نظر وجود رشک و شپش سر مورد معاینه قرار گرفتند و سپس داده های مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه ی مبتنی بر مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی که روایی و پایایی آن قبلا تایید شده بود جمع آوری گردید.بعد از آنالیز آنها و نیاز سنجی صورت گرفته برنامه آموزشی متناسب با مدل طراحی و به صورت سخنرانی، پرسش و پاسخ و بحث گروهی برای دانش آموزان گروه آزمون اجرا شد و برای ماندگار شدن مطالب، پمفلت در بین آنها توزیع شد.سپس 6 هفته بعد از انجام مداخله، پرسشنامه اولیه دوباره توسط دانش آموزان دوگروه تکمیل گردید. داده ها بااستفاده از آزمون های تی مستقل، تی زوجی، کای دو، آنالیز واریانس و همبستگی پیرسون مورد تجریه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: میزان شیوع به شپش سر در دانش آموزان مورد مطالعه 10.9٪ بود. بین رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از شپش سر در دانش آموزان و سازه های خودکارآمدی و منافع درک شده همبستگی مثبت و معناداری وجود داشت.آگاهی و سازه های الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی باهم 28.7 درصد از واریانس رفتار را پیش بینی کردند که تنها قدرت پیش بینی خودکارآمدی به لجاظ آماری معنا دار بود.بعد از مداخله نیز نمره میانگین تمامی سازه های مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی، آگاهی و رفتار در گروه آزمون به طور معناداری افزایش یافت ولیدر گروه کنترل افزایش معنا داری مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد با اجرای برنامه های مبتنی بر مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و تاکید بر سازه ی خودکارآمدی که بیش ترین تاثیر را بر روی رفتار دارد میتوانیم شاهد عملکرد بهتر دانش آموزان در خصوص رعایت رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از شپش سر شویم. 2 Background: Pediculosis is one of the most common problems in the world, which despite the improvement of the health status, still has a global distribution. Since this disease is usually transmitted through direct (head-to-head) and indirect (using personal belongings of others) contact, conditions of prevalence in populated areas such as schools can cause students to experience physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on pediculosis prevention in the fifth grade female students in Bafq city in the academic year of 2016 - 2017. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. The study population included 110 fifth grade female students who were selected by multi-stage sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of test (55) and control group, (55). First, to determine the prevalence of pediculosis, students were checked to find out if they had Lice and Livestock in their hair and then the required data was collected through a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model whose validity and reliability had already been confirmed. After their analysis and need assessment, a training program was designed according to the design model and delivered as a lecture, question and answer, and group discussion for students of the experimental group and pamphlets were also distributed among them. Then six weeks after the intervention, the initial questionnaire was completed again by student groups. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, Chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: There was a positive and significant correlation between head lice preventive behaviors in students and self-efficacy and perceived benefits constructs. Knowledge and constructs of the health belief model predicted 28.7% of behavioral variance that predicted only predictive power of self-efficacy was statistically significant and it was found that the perceived benefits construct indirectly affects the behavior. After the intervention, the mean score of all constructs of the health belief model, knowledge and behavior in the experimental group significantly increased; however there was no significant increase in the control group. Conclusion: Considering that both constructs of self-efficacy and perceived benefits were behavior predictors and the educational program led to improve the attitude and behavior of students, health-based and belief-based programs can be implemented based on these two constructs to improve students' performance in lice preventive behaviors. 134 143 2017/11/25 1396/9/4 2018/04/23 1397/2/3 Abbasali Dehghani Tafti Abbasali Dehghani Tafti Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Zohre Rahaei Zohre Rahaei Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 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Marital Adoption Prediction Based on Childhood Violence of Married Women پیش بینی سازگاری زناشویی برپایه خشونت دوران کودکی زنان متاهل 2 1 ازدواج موفق و رضایت مندانه مستلزم سطح پایداری از سازگاری زوج هاست. سازگاری زناشویی دارای ابعاد مختلفی است که تحت تاثیر عوامل گوناگون قرار می گیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر پیش بینی سازگاری زناشویی زنان متاهل توسط تجربه خشونت دوران کودکی بود. بدین منظور طی یک پژوهش توصیفی 206 نفر از زنان به صورت نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و از نظر سازگاری زناشویی و خشونت دوران کودکی مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که رابطه ی معناداری بین خشونت دوران کودکی با سازگاری زناشویی وجود دارد. با توجه به یافته های پژوهش می توان نتیجه گرفت که عوامل فرایندی خانواده، توان پیش بینی سازگاری زناشویی را دارد. 2 Background: A satisfied and successful marriage requires the stability and compatibility of couples. Marital adjustment has different dimensions, which are influenced by various factors. One of the factors is the violent experiences in childhood. In recent decades, violence, as the most serious social problem beyond cultural, social and regional remembered. That can affect on physical and mental health persons. Violence is an instance of aggressive behavior with a host of physical, psychological, economic, and sexual aspects. Methods: The present study aims to predict marital adjustment through early experiences of violence. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 206 married female selected sampling from married women and completed measures of conflict tactics (1979) and dyadic adjustment (1976) scales. Results: analysis of data indicated that there is a significant relationship between the violent experiences in childhood with marital adjustment and violent experiences in childhood can predict marital adjustment. Conclusion: According to the findings, we can say that the processing factors in a family have an important role in marital adjustment. The results of the current study can help the therapists to diagnose the effective factors in marital adjustment. It is suggested to propose citizenship education plans to prevent the spread of injuries from childhood to other relationships and lifetimes, and the role of self-awareness in prominent relationships. Pre-marriage counselors Identify patterns of parenthood in couples' childhood and their impact on marital adjustment and inform couples at entry to life to gain healthy, healthy skills. 144 152 2017/11/252018/01/30 1396/11/10 2018/04/232018/04/23 1397/2/3 Seyede Fateme Hoseini Hoseinabad Seyede Fateme Hoseini Hoseinabad School of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran. Iran fatemehoseini27@yahoo.com Bagher Ghobari Banab Bagher Ghobari Banab School of Education and Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Iran bghobari@ut.ac.ir Maryam Mashayekh Maryam Mashayekh School of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran. Iran m.mashayekh@kiau.ac.ir Noorali Farrokhi Noorali Farrokhi School of Education and Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. Iran farrokhi@aut.ac.ir Sheyda Sodagar Sheyda Sodagar School of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran. Iran sh_so90@yahoo.com Marital Adjustment Early Violence Women Trudel G, Goldfarb MR. Marital a sexual functioning and dysfunctioning, depression and anxiety. Sexologies. 2010;19(3):137-142.##Berger KA, Lynch J, Prows CA, Siegel RM, Myers MF. Mothers' perceptions of family health history and an online, parent-generated family health history tool. Clinical Pediatrics. 2013;52(1):74-81.##Ashmore JA, Emery CF, Hauck ER, MacIntyre NR. Marital adjustment among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are participating in pulmonary rehabilitation. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care. 2005;34(4):270-278.##Greeff AP, De Bruyne T. Conflict management style and marital satisfaction. 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The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Psychological Well-being and Self-Esteem among Adolescents with Depression Disorder بررسی اثربخشی آموزش روان درمانی مثبت نگر بر بهزیستی روانی و عزت نفس نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال افسردگی 2 2 Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on psychological well-being and self-esteem in adolescents with depression. Methods: The research method was a controlled randomized trial with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study was adolescents with depression disorder in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2011-2012. By a multi-stage random cluster sampling , 30 adolescents with depression disorder were picked and randomly assigned into one control group (15 adolescents) and one test group (15 depressed teenagers). The test group received positive psychotherapy intervention for 2 months and a half (10 sessions), while the control group received no intervention during the study. In this study, data collection tools were psychological well-being questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire, and depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that mean scores of psychological well-being and self-esteem in adolescents with depression disorder in district 2, in Isfahan were significantly increased by positive psychiatric intervention in post-test and follow-up stages (P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that a positive psychotherapy treatment method be used to improve psychological well-being and self-esteem in adolescents with depression disorder. 153 163 2017/11/252018/01/302017/10/25 1396/8/3 2018/04/232018/04/232018/04/23 1397/2/3 Hamidreza Mahmoudi Hamidreza Mahmoudi Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Naein Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Iran hm.1354@yahoo.com Hasan Khoshakhlagh Hasan Khoshakhlagh Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Naein Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Iran khoshakhlagh_h@yahoo.com Depression Positive Psychotherapy Psychological Well-Being Self-Esteem McCauley E, Gudmundsen G, Schloredt K, et al. The adolescent behavioral activation program: Adapting behavioral activation as a treatment for depression in adolescence. 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Developmental pscychology, from birth to ageing, translated by Yahya Seied Mohammadi. Tehran: Arasbaran; 2008. [Persian]##Ganji M. Psychological pathology according to DSMI V. Tehran: Savalan; 2013. [Persian]##Asgari P, Safarzadeh S. The relationship of religious attitude, psychological well-being and depression with academic performance in university students. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2013;14(1):92-99. [Persian]##Keyes CLM, Waterman MB. Dimensions of well-being and mental health in adulthood. In: Bornstein MH, Davidson L, Keyes CLM, Moore KA, editors. Crosscurrents in contemporary psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2003. P:477-497.##Gürel NA. Effects of thinking styles and gender on psychological well-being. [MSc Thesis]. Turkey. Middle East Technical University, Department of Educational Sciences; 2009.##Sun X, Chan DW, Chan LK. Self-compassion and psychological well-being among adolescents in Hong Kong: Exploring gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016;101:288-292.##Coles ME, Heimberg RG. Thought control strategies in generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2005;29(1):47-56.##Hosein Zade AA, Sepah Mansour MS. Relationship between social support and self-esteem with student,s identity styles. Social Psychology Research. 2011;1(1):74-88. [Persian]##Walsh A, Walsh PA. Love, self-esteem, and multiple sclerosis. Social Science & Medicine. 1989;29(7):793-798.##Ebadi N, Faghihi AN. Effectiveness of teaching positivity emphasizing on Holy Quran verses on the increase of life hope in divorced women in the city of Ahvaz. Ravanshenasi Va Din. 2009;3(2):61-74. [Persian]##Lopez SJ, Snyder CR. Handbook of positive psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002.##Sohrabi F, Jafari Roshan F. Effectiveness of Positive Group Psychotherapy on Resiliency, Happiness and General Health on Women with a Substance Dependence Spouses. Positive Psychology. 2015;2(1):31-46. [Persian]##PourSardar N, PourSardar F, Panahande A, Sangari A, Abdi Zarin S. Effect of optimism on mental health and life satisfaction: A psychological model of well-being. Hakim Research Journal. 2013;16(1):42-49. [Persian]##Sabet H, Joubanian F, Farahbakhsh K. Effectiveness of teaching positivist psychology on resilience and anger control in high school female students in the city of Yazd. Journal of Counseling Research. 2015;13(52):5-23. [Persian]##Porzoor P, Alizadeh Ghoradel J, Yaghuti H, Basharpoor S. Basharpour S. Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy in Improving Opiate Addicts' Quality of Life. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction. 2015;9(35):137-148. [Persian]##Alboye G, Tabatabaee SM, Bahimian Bogar I, Tabatabaie KS. The effect of Positivist psychology intervention on self concept, self esteem and educational achievement of failed girl students of first grade in high school. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2015; 22(12):1-22. [Persian]##Flink IK, Smeets E, Bergbom S, Peters ML. Happy despite pain: Pilot study of a positive psychology intervention for patients with chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. 2015;7:71-79.##Shoshani A, Steinmetz S, Kana Maymon Y. Effects of the Maytiv positive psychology school program on early adolescents' well-being, engagement, and achievement. Journal of School Psychology. 2016;57:73-92.##Delavar A. Research method in psychology and educational. Tehran: Virayesh Publication; 2012. [Persian]##Fathi E, Hatami A, Asli Azad M, Farhadi T. The effectiveness of self-forgiveness group counseling based on Quranic concepts on depression in high school boy students. New Thoughts on Education. 2016;12(3):109-126. [Persian]##Raesian A S, Golzari M, Borjali A. effectiveness of hope therapy on reducing depressive symptoms and preventing of relapse in cure-seeker women with dependency to narcotic drugs. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction. 2011;5(17):21-40. [Persian]##Coopersmith S. The antecedents of self-steem. San Francisco: WH Freeman; 1967.##Amani A. The efficacy of reality therapy on marital commitment and self esteem of couples. Journal of Family Counseling & Psychotherapy. 2015;5(2):1-23. [Persian]##Fathi E, Manshaei GH, Hatami Varzaneh A, Asli Azad M, Farhadi T. The Effectiveness of Self-forgiveness Group Training Based on the Quran Concepts on Self-esteem of the Adolescent Boys. Journal of Positive Psychology Research. 2015;1(1):93-106. [Persian]##Asgari P, Safar Zadeh S. The relationship of religious attitude, psychological well-being and depression with academic performance in University Students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology. 2013;14(1):92-99. [Persian]##Moltafet Q, Khayyer M. Prediction of students' psychological well-being based on perceptions of parents through motivational mediation. Journal of Educational Studies & Learning. 2012; 4(1):137-156. [Persian]##Rashid T. Positive Psychotherapy. 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The Prediction of Psychological Well-Being Based on Self-Compassion and Self-Esteem in Caregivers of people with Physical, Mental, and Multiple Disabilities in the Welfare Organization پیش بینی بهزیستی روان شناختی بر اساس شفقت به خود و عزت نفس در مراقبین معلولین جسمی، ذهنی و چندمعلولیتی اداره کل بهزیستی استان اصفهان 2 1 چکیده زمینه: مراقبت از افراد دارای معلولین جسمی، ذهنی و چندگانه می تواند سلامت جسمی و روانی مراقبت کنندگان را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. لذا لازم است متغیرهای تأثیرگذار بر سلامت روان شناختی این افراد مورد بررسی کافی قرار گیرد. بر همین اساس، هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر پیش بینی بهزیستی روان شناختی بر اساس شفقت به خود و عزت نفس در مراقبین معلولین جسمی، ذهنی و چندمعلولیتی اداره کل بهزیستی استان اصفهان بود. روش: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی بوده که بدین منظور با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری سرشماری، تمام 54 نفری که در جامعه پژوهش بودند، جهت شرکت در پژوهش انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه شفقت به خود نف، پرسشنامه ی بهزیستی روان شناختی ریف و پرسشنامه عزت نفس کوپر اسمیت بود. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌‌ها ‌‌از روش تحلیل پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه با بهره گیری از نرم افزار آماری SPSS20 استفاده شد. نتایج: تحلیل داده‌‌ها‌‌ نشان داد که مولفه های مهربانی با خود، ذهن آگاهی، عزت نفس تحصیلی و اجتماعی می‌توانند بهزیستی روان شناختی مراقبین معلولین را به شکل معنادار پیش بینی نمایند(01/0>p). بحث: بنابر یافته‌های‌ این مطالعه، لازم است که مسئولین محترم اداره کل بهزیستی شرایط و آموزش های لازم را فراهم نمایند تا مراقبین معلولین با آشنایی و یادگیری مولفه های شفقت به خود و عزت نفس میزان بهزیستی روان شناختی بالاتری را تجربه نمایند. 2 Background: Taking Care of people with physical, mental and multiple disabilities can affect the physical and mental health of caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effective variables on the psychological health of these individuals. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to predict psychological well-being based on self-compassion and self- esteem in caregivers of people with physical, mental, and multiple disabilities in the Welfare Organization of Isfahan province. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study. A census sampling method was used to select54 subjects in the research community to participate in the study. The instruments for collecting data were Self-Compassion Inventory, Reef Psychological Well-Being Inventory, and Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory. Pearson analysis and Multiple Regression analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS20 software. Results: Data analysis showed that the components of self-kindness, mindfulness, social and academic self-esteem can significantly predict the psychological well-being of the disabled's caregivers (P-value < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is imperative that the respected authorities of the Welfare Organization provide the necessary preparations and instructions. Therefore, disabled's caregivers can experience higher levels of psychological well-being by familiarizing themselves through components of self-compassion and self-esteem. 164 173 2017/11/252018/01/302017/10/252017/09/21 1396/6/30 2018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/04/23 1397/2/3 Moslem Asli Azad Moslem Asli Azad Yung researchers Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran azzad2020@gmail.com Soheila Shariat Soheila Shariat Science and Research of Tehran Branch (Isfahan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Farhadi1071@gmail.com Tahere Farhadi Tahere Farhadi Yung researchers Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran L.Shahidi@yahoo.com Lale Shahidi Lale Shahidi Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Iran a.dehghani53@gmail.com Disabled's Caregivers Psychological Well-Being Self-Compassion Self-Esteem Schrag A, Hovris A, Morley D, Quinn N, Jahanshahi M. Caregiver-burden in Parkinson's disease is closely associated with psychiatric symptoms, falls, and disability. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2006;12(1):35-41.##Pinquart M, Sorensen S. Associations of stressors and uplifts of care giving with caregiver burden and depressive mood: A meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2003;58(2):112-128.##Ozmete E. Subjective well-being: A research on life satisfaction as cognitive component of subjective well-being. International Journal of Academic Research. 2011;3(4):55-61.##Durayappah A. The 3P Model: A general theory of subject well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2011;12(4):681-716.##Vazquez C, Hervas G, Rahona JJ, Gomez D. Psychological well-being and health. Contributions of positive psychology. Annuary of Clinical and Health Psychology. 2009;5:15-27.##Moeenizadeh M, Kumar K. Well-being therapy (WBT) for depression. International Journal Psychology Study. 2010;2(1):107-115.##Day L, Hanson k, Maltby J, Preotor C, Wood A. Hope uniquely objective Predicts objective academic achievement above intelligence, personality and academic achievement. Journal of Research in Personality. 2010;44(1):550-553.##Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989;(57):1069-1081.##Keyes CLM, Waterman MB. Dimensions of well-being and mental health in adulthood. In: Bornstein MH, Davidson L, Keyes CLM, KA Moor, editors. Crosscurrents in contemporary psychology. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 2003. P:477-497.##Gürel NA. Effects of thinking styles and gender on psychological well-being. [MSc Thesis]. Turkey. Middle East Technical University, Department of Educational Sciences; 2009.##Magyar Moe JL, Owens RL, Conoley CW. Positive Psychological interventions in counseling: What every counseling psychologist should know. The Counseling Psychologist. 2015;43(4):508-557.##Neff KD. The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development. 2009;52(4):211-214.##Ghorbani N, Watson PJ, Chen Z, Norballa F. Self-compassion in Iranian Muslims: Relationships with integrative self-knowledge, mental health, and religious orientation. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2012;22(2):106-118.##Neff KD, Kirkpatrick K, Rude SS. Self-compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality. 2007;41(1):139-154.##Macbeth A, Gumley A. Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review. 2012;32(6):545-52.##Zhang LW. Prediction of Chinese life satisfaction: Contribution of collective self-esteem. International Journal of Psychology. 2005;40(3):189-200.##Orth U, Robins RW. The development of self-esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2014;23(5):381-387.##Sowislo JF, Orth U. Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin. 2013;139(1):213-240.##Heysari Soroshjani F, Sharifi T, Qasemi Pirbaloti M. Compare psychological well-being of working women, housewives, heads of households and Shahrekord. The International Conference on Humanities and Behavioral Studies; 2014. Tehran; 2017. [Persian]##Ikiz FE, Cakar FS. Perceived social support and self-esteem in adolescence. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science. 2010;5:2338-2242.##Yarnell LM, Neff KD. Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self and Identity. 2013;12(2):146-159.##Bluth K, Blanton PW. The influence of self-compassion on emotional well-being among early and older adolescent males and females. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2015;10(3):219-230.##Zessin U, Dickhauser O, Garbade S. The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. 2015;7(3):340-364.##Chen SX, Cheung FM, Bond MH, Leung J. Going beyond self-esteem to predict life satisfaction: The Chinese case. Asian Journal Social Psychology. 2006;9(1):24-35.##Dogan T, Totan T, Sapmaz F. The role of self-esteem, psychological well-being, emotional self-efficacy and affect balance on happiness: A path model. European Scientific Journal. 2013;9(20):1857-7881.##Nwankwo CHB, Okechi BCH, Nweke PO. Relationship between Perceived Self-Esteem and psychological well-being among student athletes. Academic Research Journal of Psychology and Counseling. 2015;2(1):8-16.##Neff KD. Self-compassion, self-esteem and well being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2011;5(1):1-2.##Saeeidi Z, Qorbani N, Sarafraz M, Sharifian H. The relationship between self-compassion, self-esteem and self-conscious emotions regulation. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 2013;6(3):91-100. [Persian]##Khosravi S, Sadeqi M, Yabandeh M. Psychometric Properties of Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Journal of Psychological Models and Methods. 2013;3(13):47-58. [Persian]##Sefidi F, Farzad V. Validated measure of ryff psychological well-being among students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (2009). The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. 2012;16(1):65-71. [Persian]##Ryff CD, Love GD, Essex MJ, Singer B. Resilience in adulthood and later life: Defining features and dynamic processes. In: J Lomranz, editor. Handbook of aging and mental health. New York: An Integrative Approach;1998. P:70-95.##Cooper smith S. The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman; 1967.##Herz L, Gullone E. The relationship between self-esteem and parenting style: A cross-cultural comparison of Australian and Vietnamese Australian adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1999;30(6):742-761.##Khaledian M. The effectiveness of life skills training on mental health and self-esteem of individuals addicted to drugs. Journal of Social Psychology. 2017:29(2):1-15. [Persian]##Morone NE, Lynch Ch, Greco CM, Tindle HA, Weiner DK. I felt like a new person, "The effect of mindfulness Meditation on older adults with chronic pain: Qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries". The Journal of Pain. 2008;9(9): 841-848.##Howell AJ. Digdon N, Buro K. Mindfulness predicts sleep-related self regulation and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010;48(4):419-424.##Birnie K, Speca M, Carlson LE. Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health. 2010;26(5):359-371.##Rapgay L , Bystrisky A. Classical mindfulness: An introduction to its theory and practice for clinical application. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009;1172:148-162.##Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;84(4):822- 848.##Shapiro SL, Carlson LE, Astin JA, Freedman B. Mechanism of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2006;62(3):373-386.##Neff KD, McGeehee P. Self- compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity. 2010;9(3):225-240.## ##

The Effect of Using Virtual Social Networks on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Young Adults بررسی تاثیر استفاده از شبکه های اجتماعی مجازی بر افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس جوانان 2 2 Background: Today, the use of virtual social networks is very common among young people. Despite the positive effects of social networks on communication there are also negative effects. Therefore, this study was done to identify the impact of virtual social networks on depression, anxiety, and stress in youth. Methods: This was a correlation study and the population of the study included all young people in Yazd who were selected by availability sampling method. Then, 120 young people (60 males and 60 females) were selected and answered the DASS-21 and Virtual Social Network Use questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics by SPSS-22. Results: The findings showed a relationship between the use of virtual social networks and stress in male users and there was a significant relationship between the use of virtual social networks and depression, anxiety, and stress in female users (P-value < 0/05). Conclusion: As a result, virtual social networks can affect depression, anxiety, and stress among young people, which highlights the need for education of young people and families. 174 180 2017/11/252018/01/302017/10/252017/09/212017/10/31 1396/8/9 2018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/05/15 1397/2/25 Fatemeh Dehghani Fatemeh Dehghani Departments of Psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Iran fdmyazd@gmail.com Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Departments of Psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Iran zareei_h@yahoo.com Anxiety Depression Stress Virtual Social Networks Mirzayian B, Baezzat F, Khakpoor N. The addiction among students and its effect on mental health. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences. 2011; 2(1);141-160. [Persian]##Moghaddam F, Norouzi S, Sharafi F. Explore experiences students of social networks and their impact on lifestyle. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;11(3):66-73. [Persian]##Naami A, Noori-Samarin S. Prediction of social networks addiction on the basis of female students' loneliness and self-esteem. Journal of Woman in Culture Arts. 2016;8(2):193-204.[Persian]##Barat Dastjerdi N, Sayadi S. Relationship between using social networks and internet addiction and depression among students. Journal of Research Behavioral Sciences. 2013;10(5):332-41.[Persian]##Hasanzade R, Sanai T. The relationship between internet addiction and mental health in student of Azad University Sari. Journal of Health Breeze. 2016;4(4):15-20. [Persian]##Shahbazirad A, Mirderikvand F. The relationship of internet addiction with depression, mental health and demographic characteristic in the students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2014;22(4):1-8. [Persian]##Masoudnia E. Problematic cyberspace use and risk of depression disorder incidence among adolescents in Yazd. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;8(4):15-25. [Persian]##Yi Lin L, Sidani JE, Shensa A, et al. Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depression and Anxiety. 2016;33(4):323-331.##Azizi A,Esmaeli S, DhghanManshadi SM. The relationship between internet addiction and anxiety and depression in Jolfa city high school students in 2013. Journal of Community Health. 2016;2(1):11-18. [Persian]##Strickland A. Exploring the effects of social media use on the mental health of young adults. [B.A Thesis]. United States. University of Central Florida, Burnett Honors College; 2014.##American Psychological Association. Stress in America: coping with change. Available at: URL: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/ stress/2016/coping-with-change.pdf. Accessed April 18, 2018.##Turi A, Miri M, Beheshti D, Yari E, Khodabakhshi H, Sarab GA. Prevalence of Internet addiction and its relationship with anxiety, stress, and depression in intermediate students in Birjand city in 2014. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2015;22(1):67-75. [Persian]##Primack BA, Shensa A, Escobar Viera CG, et al. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among US young adults. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;69:1-9.##Leodoro L. Facebook use and adolescents emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Health Science Journal. 2014;8(1)88-89.##Jelenchick LA, Eickhoff JC, Moreno MA. "Facebook depression?" Social networking site use and depression in older adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2013;52(1):128-30.##KirkPatrick C, SteijnR.How much of an effect do social media have on insomnia and depression? [Lecture]at: Medlink or Workshop Conferences; 2014 Apr; Nottingham, England. Nottingham University; 2014.##Poorakbaran E. Assessment of using of emerging communication tools (cell phone, internet and satellite among young adults and its association with anxiety, depression and stress. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2015;17(5):254-9.[Persian]##Biramvand Y. Relationship between Using Virtual Networks and Marital Satisfaction among Students of Kashan University. [B.A Thesis]. Iran. University of Isfahan; 2012. [Persian]##Sajjadian I, Nadi MA. Depression & social isolation in adolescent and young adult internet users, correlation with time duration of internet use. Journal of Research in Behavioral Science. 2006;4(1):33-38. [Persian]##Pantic I, Damjanovic A, Todorovic J, et al. Association between online social networking and depression in high school students: behavioral physiology viewpoint. Psychiatria Danubina. 2012;24(1):90-93.##Fardouly J, Diedrichs PC, Vartanian LR, Halliwell E. Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood. Body Image. 2015;13:38-45.##Jinasena S. Social media impact on youth depression. Sociology and Anthropology. 2014;2(7):291-294.##Seabrook EM, Kern ML, Rickard NS. Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review. JMIR Mental Health. 2016;3(4):50.##Havener L. The Effects of Social Media and Social Networking Site Usage On The Mental Health And Wellbeing Of Adolescents. [B.AThesis]. United States. University of Oregon; 2016.##Zhou Y, Bird J, Cox AL, Brumby D. Estimating usage can reduce the stress of social networking. at: Personal Informatics in the Wild: Hacking Habits for Health & Happiness; 2013; Paris, France.##Hampton K, Rainie L, Lu W, Shin I, Purcell K. Social media and the cost of caring. Available at: URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/ files/2015/ 01/PI_Social-media-and-stress_0115151.pdf. Accessed April 18, 2018.## ##

Knowledge Transfer in Health and Social Sciences Research Centers Affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran 2 2 Background: knowledge transfer or knowledge translation is a process which transfers knowledge to the realm of practice and application. Indeed, faculty members at research centers manage to identify barriers to knowledge transfer within their scope and provide appropriate solutions to improve the current state of knowledge exchange based on their findings. Therefore, the present study aimed to self-evaluate knowledge transfer and exchange in health and social sciences research centers affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all active health and social sciences research centers of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd were studied in 2016 - 2017. After giving some explanations regarding how to respond to the questions of self-evaluation of knowledge transfer and exchange questionnaire, the questionnaire was voluntarily completed by the faculty members and experts (n = 68). Data were analyzed in SPSS16 software. Results: As the study findings revealed, the best condition related to production of knowledge was 67.3% of the total score. The score was lower in regard with question of knowledge, determination of research priorities and communication with beneficiaries attaining 61.7% of the total score. Conclusion: It seems to be necessary for university authorities in charge of research to pay special attention to choosing appropriate research topics and research priorities to obviate the problems and the beneficiaries face. The amount of receiving order, especially from sources outside the university and identifying their needs indicate the ability of faculty members in putting into practice the research findings of the university. 181 188 2017/11/252018/01/302017/10/252017/09/212017/10/312018/05/1 1397/2/11 2018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/05/152018/05/9 1397/2/19 Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Zahra Pourmovahed Zahra Pourmovahed Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Behzad Roozbeh Behzad Roozbeh Department of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Knowledge Transfer Research Self-Evaluation University Lenfant C. Clinical research to clinical practice lost in translation? 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Pathology of Industrial Drug Abuse Tendency in Gorgan تحلیل عوامل اجتماعی و فردی در گرایش به سوء مصرف مواد مخدر صنعتی (نمونه مورد مطالعه: شهرستان گرگان) 2 2 Background: Industrial Drug addiction is considered as one of the most serious social problems in Iran. It has various aspects of sociology, psychology, law, and politics. This study was conducted with the aim of pathology of the most important factors influencing the tendency of people to industrial drug in Gorgan. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on 400 addicts in Gorgan. The statistical population of this study was people aged 15 - 60 years old who were consuming industrial drugs in Gorgan, as well as addicts in Addiction Retreat Camps in Gorgan. The sample size was 386 using Cochran's formula, which was promoted to 400 people for certainty. The samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was determined after calculating 0.87. Data was collected by field method and data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The findings of the research showed that the age group of 15 - 25 years old with 43.2% had the highest tendency to industrial drug abuse. The variables of individual factors, family role and status, relationship with friends and peers have a significant and direct relationship with the tendency towards industrial drug abuse However, educational level and economic status variables did not have a significant relationship with the tendency towards industrial drug abuse. The results of statistical tests indicate that communication with friends and peers has had the greatest impact on the tendency of people who have been subjected to industrial drug abuse. Conclusion: Considering that nearly half of the subjects 43.2% were about 20 years old and 49.3% were single and unemployed, they could control the tendency towards industrial drugs by creating educational and employment programs in the province. 189 198 2017/11/252018/01/302017/10/252017/09/212017/10/312018/05/12017/12/16 1396/9/25 2018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/05/152018/05/92018/05/15 1397/2/25 Daniel Bagheri Daniel Bagheri Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Iran danielbagherii@gmail.com Mahmoudreza Arefi Mahmoudreza Arefi Mental Health Center, Welfare Administration, Gorgan, Iran. Iran Farnoosh Rafei Farnoosh Rafei Pcycology Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Center Branch, Tehran, Iran. Iran Addiction Industrial Drug Gorgan Ahmadi J, Hasani M. Prevalence of substance use among Iranian high school students. 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The Role of Family Communication Patterns and Sexual Quality in Predicting Attitudes toward Marital Infidelity in Women in Isfahan نقش الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و کیفیت رابطه جنسی در پیش‌بینی خیانت زناشویی زنان شهر اصفهان 2 2 Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of family communication patterns and sexual quality in predicting attitudes toward marital infidelity in women in Isfahan. Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-analytical study included married women in Isfahan in 2016. To this end, 50 married women were selected through voluntary sampling from married women in Isfahan women's garden. The research tools included Christensen and Solavi (1984), Samanie's Sexual Quality (2008) and Mark Watley‘s Marital Infidelity Patterns (2006) Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis (mean and SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in a synchronous manner) with the SPSS software. Results: The results of data analysis showed that in married women, family communication patterns (mutual constructive components (-41 / -0.4), mutual avoidance (0.35) and expectation / withdrawal (36.0)) and sexual quality (-0.51) has a significant relationship with attitude toward marital infidelity (P-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed that family communication patterns (mutual constructivist, mutual avoidance and expectation / withdrawal) and sexual quality significantly predict marital infidelity in women (P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that enough attention should be paid to family communication patterns and couples' sexual quality in order to prevent the occurrence of marital infidelity. 199 209 2017/11/252018/01/302017/10/252017/09/212017/10/312018/05/12017/12/162017/12/29 1396/10/8 2018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/04/232018/05/152018/05/92018/05/152018/05/15 1397/2/25 Shirin Kordbache Shirin Kordbache Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Shirin.kordbache@gmail.com Mozhgan Arefi Mozhgan Arefi Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Iran mozhgan.arefi@yahoo.com Communication Patterns Sexual Behavior Marital Infidelity Mohsenzadeh F, Nazariy AM, Arefi M. 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Investigating cultural inconsistent spousal link with the degree of marital conflicts. Quarterly Journal of Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological. 2009;7(3):31-51. [Persian]##Ahmadi SA, Fatehi Zade M. Investigating the relationship of the couples' communicational models and the degree of marital satisfaction of the couples working at Isfahan University. Journal of Family Research. 2005;1(2):109-119. [Persian]##Gottman JM, Notarius CI. Marital research in the 20th century and a research agenda for the 21st century. Family Process. 2002;41(2):159-197.##Noller P, Feeny JA. Understanding marriage: Developmental in the study of couple interaction. New York: Cambridge University; 2014.##Vafaei T, Khosravi S. The comparison between mental health of devotees spouses and normal persons spouses . Iranian Journal of War & Public Health. 2009;1(4):9-13. [Persian]##Abbasi M, Madani Y, Gholamali Lavasani M. 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Boston: Longman; 2008.##Delavar A. Research method in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Virayesh Publications; 2012. [Persian]##Ebadatpour B. Standardization marital communication patterns in Tehranian couples. [MA Thesis]. Iran. University of Tarbiat Moallem; 2000. [Persian]##Rahimi M, Khayer M. The relationship between family communication models and life quality of high school students in the city of Shiraz. Studies In Education & Psychology. 2007;10(1):5-25. [Persian]##Jahed Pari H. Predicting sexual relationships quality based on EQ and marital negligence. [MA Thesis]. Iran. Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Faculty of Education and Psychology; 2014. [Persian]##Ajam A. Explaining the relationship between marital conflict and attitude about betrayal in marriage and its role in educational development. First International Conference of Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies; 2014. Iran, Tehran: Mehr-e-Arvand higher education institute, sustainable development techniques center. 2014. [Persian]##Daryabar J. The relationship between personality features and family communication models and family function in the couple in the city of Darab. [MA Thesis]. Iran. Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Faculty of Education and Psychology; 2014. [Persian]##Gholamzade M, Attari Y, Shafi' Abadi A. Effectiveness of teaching communication skills on family function in the couples referring to wellbeing center in the city of Ahvaz. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2009;41:87-110. [Persian]##Thanaguee M, Janbozorgi M, Mahdavian A. Relationship between "Marital Satisfaction" and "Communication Patterns of Couples". Studies in Psychology and Islam. 2011;5(9):57-77. [Persian]##Khosravi S, Neshad Doost HT, Molavi H, Kalantari M. The effect of teaching communicative patterns of pluralistic family on life satisfaction of couples. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. 2011;15(1):40-48. [Persian]##Dong Q. The impact of family communication patterns and perception of risky behavior: A social cognitive perspective. Journal of the Northwest Communication Association. 2005; 34:93-106.##Siffert A, Schwarz B. Spouses' demand and withdrawal during marital conflict in relation to their subjective well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.2011; 28(2): 262-277.##Nabovati A, Shamsi A. Satisfaction from affective and sexual relationship and its role in marital betrayal. First International Conference of Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies; 2014. Iran, Marvdasht. [Persian]##Hamidi A, Ahmadi S, Veisani M. Investigating effective factors on marital betrayal formation: A Delphi study. Regional Conference of Pathology of Divorce Phenomenon; 2014. [Persian]##Habibi Askarabad M, Hajiheydari Z. A qualitative study for investigating the reasons of sexual infidelity of couples who have asked for divorce in family court. Journal of Family Research. 2015;11(42):165-186. [Persian]##Shirdel M. Tendency factors of married men and women to sexual unlawful relationship. Social Welfare. 2006;6(22):133-148. [Persian]##Richard M. Silence about sexual problems can hurt relationships. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999;281(6):73-85.##Kajbaf MB. Sexual behavior psychology. Tehran: Ravan Publication; 2012. [Persian]## ##