The Health Effects of Gender-Based Violence in Conflict 2 2 Gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict zones is a widespread and devastating issue with significant implications for the health and well-being of affected populations. As an expert in sexual and reproductive health, the author aims to highlight the multifaceted health effects of GBV during wartime, supported by extensive research and evidence. This editorial will examine the physical, psychological, and social health impacts of GBV in conflict settings, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive interventions and policy responses. Gender-based violence in war encompasses a range of abuses, including sexual violence, intimate partner violence, and other forms of physical and psychological abuse. These acts are often used as tools of war to terrorize, displace, and control populations. The prevalence of GBV in conflict zones is alarmingly high, with women and girls being disproportionately affected (Goessmann et al.,2020). The physical health consequences of (GBV) in war are severe and complex. Survivors often endure injuries such as genital trauma, fractures, and internal damage, resulting in chronic pain and disability that significantly reduce their quality of life. Additionally, the lack of preventive measures leads to sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, and unwanted pregnancies. Restricted access to healthcare in conflict zones worsens these issues, contributing to higher rates of maternal and infant mortality (Tol et al.,2013). Stigma surrounding STIs further hinders access to treatment and support (Think Global Health,2022). The psychological impact of GBV in war is deep and enduring, with survivors frequently facing mental health issues such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety (World Health Organization ,2014; Carpiniello,2023). The trauma of GBV is exacerbated by continuous stress and instability of living in a conflict zone (Perrin et al.,2019). PTSD frequently affects survivors of GBV in wartime, manifested as flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety that may last for years after the trauma (World Health Organization ,2014; Carpiniello,2023). Experiencing GBV can result in chronic depression and anxiety, hindering survivors' daily functioning. The absence of mental health services in conflict zones worsens these issues (Tol et al.,2013).Survivors of GBV frequently experience social stigma and ostracization, resulting in isolation and increased psychological distress. Many refrain from seeking help due to fear of retribution or disbelief (Carpiniello,2023; Perrin et al.,2019). The social health impacts of GBV in war extend beyond individual survivors, affecting families and communities. The breakdown of social structures and the displacement of populations create environments where GBV can thrive, perpetuating cycles of violence and instability(Capasso et al.,2023; World Bank,2024) . GBV can disrupt family dynamics, leading to the breakdown of relationships and the displacement of family members. Children who witness or experience GBV are at risk of long-term psychological and behavioral issues. The prevalence of GBV in conflict zones undermines community cohesion and trust. The fear and trauma associated with GBV can hinder community rebuilding efforts and prolong the recovery process (Perrin et al.,2019). The economic impact of GBV is significant, as survivors may be unable to work or participate in economic activities. The loss of productivity and the cost of healthcare for survivors place additional burdens on already strained resources (World Bank,2024). Addressing the health effects of GBV in war requires a multifaceted approach that includes prevention, protection, and support for survivors. Effective interventions must be grounded in a thorough understanding of the local context and the specific needs of affected populations preventing GBV in conflict zones involves addressing the root causes of violence, including gender inequality and the normalization of violence. Community-based programs that promote gender equality and challenge harmful norms are essential. Protecting survivors of GBV requires the establishment of safe spaces and the provision of legal and medical support. International humanitarian organizations play a crucial role in providing these services in conflict zones. Comprehensive support services for survivors, including medical care, mental health support, and economic assistance, are vital for recovery. These services must be accessible and culturally appropriate to be effective (Capasso et al.,2023; Tol et al.,2013). The health effects of gender-based violence in conflict are profound, affecting individuals, families, and communities. As an expert in sexual and reproductive health, the author stresses the urgent need for comprehensive interventions and policy responses to tackle this issue. By prioritizing prevention, protection, and support for survivors, the devastating health impacts of GBV in conflict zones can be mitigated and a more just and equitable world can be fostered. 1344 1346 2024/08/26 1403/6/5 2024/10/11 1403/7/20 Shadab Shahali Shadab Shahali Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Iran shadabshahali@yahoo.com Goessmann, K., Ibrahim, H., & Neuner, F. (2020). Association of war-related and gender-based violence with mental health states of Yazidi women. JAMA network open, 3(9), e2013418-e2013418.‌##Tol, W. A., Stavrou, V., Greene, M. C., Mergenthaler, C., Van Ommeren, M., & García Moreno, C. (2013). Sexual and gender-based violence in areas of armed conflict. Conflict and Health, 7(1).‌##Think Global Health,( 2022),The Devastating Use of Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War. Available at: https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/ article/devastating-use-sexual-violence-weapon-war (November 22, 2020)##World Health Organization,( 2014), Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a clinical handbook. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/ 10665/ 136101/WHO_RHR_14.26_eng.pdf?sequence=1##Tol, W. A., Le, P. D., Harrison, S. L., Galappatti, A., Annan, J., Baingana, F. K., ... & van Ommeren, M. (2023). Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: research priorities for 2021–30. The Lancet Global Health, 11(6), e969-e975.‌## Tol, W. A., Stavrou, V., Greene, M. C., Mergenthaler, C., Garcia-Moreno, C., & Van Ommeren, M. (2013). Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence during armed conflict: a systematic review. World Psychiatry, 12(2), 179.‌##Carpiniello, B. (2023). The mental health costs of armed conflicts—a review of systematic reviews conducted on refugees, asylum-seekers and people living in war zones. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(4), 2840.##‌Perrin, N., Marsh, M., Clough, A., Desgroppes, A., Yope Phanuel, C., Abdi, A., ... & Glass, N. (2019). Social norms and beliefs about gender based violence scale: a measure for use with gender based violence prevention programs in low-resource and humanitarian settings. Conflict and health, 13, 1-12.‌##Capasso, A., Skipalska, H., Nadal, J., Zamostian, P., Kompaniiets, O., Navario, P., & Castillo, T. P. (2022). Lessons from the field: Recommendations for gender-based violence prevention and treatment for displaced women in conflict-affected Ukraine. The Lancet Regional Health–Europe, 17.‌## World Bank,( 2024). The cost and impacts of gender-based violence in developing countries: methodological considerations and new evidence (English). Available at: https://documents. worldbank. org/ en/publication/documents-reports/ documentdetail/ 442281468339624395/ the-cost-and-impacts-of-gender-based-violence-in- developing- countries- methodological-considerations- and-new-evidence## ##

Prevalence and Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use among Rohingya Women of Reproductive Age Residing in Refugee Camps in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Survey 2 2 Background: Comprehensive studies on the determinants of modern contraceptive use in humanitarian settings are relatively uncommon in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive use among Rohingya women living in the refugee camp of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 160 Rohingya refugee women aged 15-49 living in unregistered camps (Camps 7 and 14) in Ukhiya Upazila, Cox's Bazar. In the study, participants were selected using a convenience sampling method, and the sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula. However, only 160 participants were recruited due to travel restrictions and safety measures implemented throughout Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were gathered via a structured questionnaire. Results were summarized using both descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS v.23 software was used for data analysis at 5% level of significance. Results: The prevalence of contraceptive use was found to be 41.9%. The most commonly used contraceptives were Injection Depot-Provera (65.7%) and Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) (28.4%) followed by implant (4.5%) and intrauterine device (IUD) (1.5%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed lower odds of modern contraceptive use among women who had more than a 1.5 year interval between the last two pregnancies (OR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.07– 0.51) and higher odds were found who expressed a lack of desire for future pregnancies (OR = 13.69; 95% CI = 3.43–54.68). Community Health Workers (CHWs) (80.4%) were the main sources of information on modern contraceptives, whereas hospitals (83.6%) were the most accessible places to obtain contraceptives. Conclusion: Community health workers play a vital role in disseminating information, emphasizing the need for their training and involvement in relevant programs. These findings are crucial for shaping future research, policies, and reproductive health services in humanitarian settings. 1347 1360 2024/08/262024/09/18 1403/6/28 2024/10/112024/10/7 1403/7/16 Mansura Islam Mansura Islam Department of Sociology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS- 39759, USA USA mi316@msstate.edu Shah Ehsan Habib Shah Ehsan Habib Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Bangladesh sehabib@du.ac.bd Raminul Islam Rifat Raminul Islam Rifat Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Bangladesh raminul190@gmail.com Refugee Camp Reproductive health Contraceptive devices female Abdulahi, M., Kakaire, O., & Namusoke, F. (2020). Determinants of modern contraceptive use among married Somali women living in Kampala; a cross sectional survey. 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Determinants of modern contraceptive use: A cross-sectional study among market women in the Ashiaman Municipality of Ghana. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100184. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.ijans.2019.100184##Austin, J., Guy, S., Lee-Jones, L., McGinn, T., & Schlecht, J. (2008). Reproductive Health: A Right for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(08) 31351-2##Bakesiima, R., Cleeve, A., Larsson, E., Tumwine, J. K., Ndeezi, G., Danielsson, K. G., Nabirye, R. C., & Kashesya, J. B. (2020). Modern contraceptive use among female refugee adolescents in northern Uganda: prevalence and associated factors. Reproductive Health, 17, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-00921-y##BBC. (2018). Pregnancy gap should be at least a year Available:. https://www.bbc.com/news/ health-46017789.##Casey, S. E., Gallagher, M. C., Kakesa, J., Kalyanpur, A., Muselemu, J.-B., Rafanoharana, R. 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The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 11(3), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625180600557605##Eliason, S., Awoonor-Williams, J. K., Eliason, C., Novignon, J., Nonvignon, J., & Aikins, M. (2014). Determinants of modern family planning use among women of reproductive age in the Nkwanta district of Ghana: a case–control study. Reproductive Health, 11,1-10. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1742-4755-11-65##Guglielmi, S., Seager, J., Mitu, K., & Jones, N. (2024). Sexual and reproductive health for Rohingya young people living in Bangladesh.‌##Halle-Ekane, G., Akwa, J., Sama, D., Obinchemti, T., Tchente, C., Nsom, J., Mangala, F., & Mbu, R. (2016). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Contraception among Refugees in a Refugee Settlement in Yaoundé, Cameroon. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/ 2016/21474## Hossain, M.A., Shailendra, S & Iryna, Z Sexual and reproductive health of Rohingya refugee people in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review Protocol, Women, Midwives and Midwifery, 3(3), 36-44.##Icddr,b. (2018). Report on “Demographic profiling and Need Assessment of maternal and child health (MCH ) care for the Rohingya Refugee Population in Cox’s Bazar , Bangladesh ”. Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328228423_Report_on_Demographic_profiling_and_needs_assessment_of_maternal_and_child_health_MCH_care_for_the_Rohingya_refugee_population_in_Cox%27s_Bazar_Bangladesh.acces(October,2018).##Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations. (2011). Minimum initial service package (MISP) for reproductive health.##Islam, M., & Habib, S.E. 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The Effectiveness of a Multimedia Educational Program on the Lifestyle and Perception of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Study Protocol 2 2 Background: Atrial fibrillation is a globally common cardiac dysrhythmia and preventable with education. The study protocol aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a multimedia educational program on the lifestyle and perception of patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: The present clinical trial protocol will be conducted to investigate the effect of multimedia training on the lifestyle and perception of patients with atrial fibrillation in two phases. The multimedia training (audio, video, image, and animation) was provided in the form of two 2-hour training sessions per week for patients on the coordinated date and time on a web platform. The patients also received a weekly phone call for one month through which some educational content was covered as a type of training intervention. The second phase included the administration of pre-test and post-test interventions using standard questionnaires by an intervention (who receive training) and a control (without training) group. Conclusion: The present study provides a useful protocol regarding the design of a multimedia educational intervention program on promoting the lifestyle and perception of patients with atrial fibrillation. It can also reduce treatment costs. The strategies of this program can be cost-effective therefore the success of such a program can be effective in improving the health status of atrial fibrillation patients.Registration of this randomized control trial has been completed with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. 1361 1369 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/1 1403/4/11 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/1 1403/7/10 Shirin Madadkar Dehkordi Shirin Madadkar Dehkordi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran shirinmadadkar@gmail.com Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Department of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran zohrehkarimian68@gmail.com Parvin Mohammadi Parvin Mohammadi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran mohammadipar125@yahoo.com Shirin Mirzaeian Shirin Mirzaeian Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran mirzaeian.sh@gmail.com Education Life Style Illness Perception Atrial fibrillation 1. 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Aghakhani, N., et al., The effect of self-care education on the self efficacy in myocardial infarction hospitalized patients in seyeid al-shohada educational & treatment center, Urmia, 2017. Journal Of Urmia Nursing And Midwifery Faculty, 2018. 16(6): p. 412-22.##15. Van Hecke, A., et al., Systematic development and validation of a nursing intervention: the case of lifestyle adherence promotion in patients with leg ulcers. Journal of advanced nursing, 2011. 67(3): p. 662-676.##16. Rostami, H., A. Ghahramanian, and M. Golchin, Educational needs of myocardial infarction patients. Journal of Urmia Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, 2011. 9(3).##17. Salavati, M., et al., Evaluating the effect of teach back education on self-care behaviours and quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction in 2015: a randomised controlled trial. Avicenna Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Care, 2017. 25(1): p. 1-8.##18. Mohammadi Zeidi, I., A. Pakpour Hajiagha, and B. Mohammadi Zeidi, Reliability and validity of Persian version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2012. 21(1): p. 102-113.##19. Weinman, J., et al., The illness perception questionnaire: a new method for assessing the cognitive representation of illness. Psychology and health, 1996. 11(3): p. 431-445.##20. Valipoor, F. and F. Rezaei, Assessment of illness perception in the patients with diabetes mellitus and its association with control of blood sugar in the patients referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2013. 18(2).##21. MadadkarDehkordi, S., F. Okhovat, and Z. Karimiankakolaki, Designing a Clinical Trial Protocol about the Impact of Family-Based Multimedia Education Based on Telephone Tracking (Tele Nursing) to Improve the Quality of Life and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Surgery Protocols, 2021. 25(1): p. 92.##22. Fernandes, S., The Leventhal´ s Self-regulatory Model in Breast Cancer. Análise Psicológica, 2020. 38(1): p. 51-63.##23. Ghiyasvandian, S., The effect of education based on Leventhal's model on perception of disease in diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 2019. 13(6): p. 76-82.##24. Khodaparast, S., et al., Effect of Leventhal’s Self-Regulatory Model on Illness Perception in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2019. 29(177): p. 111-123.##25. Faraji, N., P.S. PASHAEI, and R. Negarandeh, The effect of pre-discharge education and telephone follow-up on illness perception and lifestyle in patients with myocardial infarction. Avicenna Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Care, 2015. 23(3): p. 82-91.##26. Piscesiana, E. and T. Afriyani, The effect of Tele-nursing on preventing re-admission among patients with heart failure: a literature review. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 2020. 3(2): p. 251-260.## ##

Study of the Mental Health of the Elderly and Related Factors 2 2 Background: Aging and increase in the elderly population are the most important issues in recent years in developed countries and some developing countries. Mental health is one of the crucial aspects of elderly well-being and must be addressed to improve community health. This study is conducted to examine the mental health of the elderly and the related factors in Gorgan city, 2022. Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical and was conducted using a two-stage cluster random sampling method. First, four comprehensive health service centers were selected as a cluster from among the centers of Gorgan city, and then 263 people were randomly selected from the chosen centers, proportionate to the number of registered elderly individuals in the electronic service system. The standard depression questionnaire for the elderly was utilized for assessment. Data were then entered into SPSS software version 18 and with descriptive and analytical statistical tests, including the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression (The significance level was less than 0.05(. Results: A total of 263 elderly people were evaluated with a mean age of 68.64 ± 7.2 . 143 (54.4%) were male and 120 (45.6%) were female. The prevalence of depression was reported to be 27.8. The occurrence of depression was significantly associated with age, marital status, and the presence of underlying disease conditions (p < 0.05). However, gender, place of residence, and BMI did not show a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of depression. Aging, underlying diseases, and not being married increase the chance of depression in the elderly. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of depression in the elderly is lower than the average of the whole country in this study, they are in a better condition. However, due to the fact that they are a special target group, as well as the various risk factors of the disease, including age, lack of marriage, and the presence of an underlying disease in this group, it is suggested that more appropriate planning be done to improve their mental health status 1370 1379 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/25 1403/5/4 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/7 1403/7/16 Sakineh Gerayllo Sakineh Gerayllo Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Iran gerayllo65@yahoo.com Najmeh Shahini Najmeh Shahini Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Iran najmeh.shahini@gmail.com Somayeh Ghorbani Somayeh Ghorbani Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Iran s.ghorbani.gh@gmail.com Behzad ghabel Behzad ghabel Corresponding Author: General Physician, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Iran behzadghabel@gmail.com Mental health Depression Elderly 1. Sabbagh S, Moeinian N, Sabbagh S. measure social health and social factors associated with it among households in the city of Tabriz. Sociological studies. 2013;3(1):27-44.##2. Naidoo J, Wills J. Health promotion: foundations for practice: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2000.##3. Giger JN, Davidhizar RE. Canadian transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention: St. Louis, Mo.; Toronto: Mosby; 1998.##4. McCullough ME, Laurenceau J-P. Gender and the natural history of self-rated health: a 59-year longitudinal study. Health Psychology. 2004;23(6):651.##5. Häggström E, Mbusa E, Wadensten B. Nurses' workplace distress and ethical dilemmas in Tanzanian health care. Nursing Ethics. 2008;15(4):478-91.##6. WHO. Aging and health- World Health Organization(WHO) 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.##7. Sulla A, Habibi S, Nikpour M, Rezaei H. Haqqani, Relationship between health promotion behaviors with the activities of daily living and activities of daily living in elderly with tools West of Tehran. Iranian Journal of Ageing, second. 2002:339-2.##8. Isfahani P, Afshin M, Mohammadi F, Arefnezhad MJJG. Prevalence of depression among Iranian elderly: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2021;5(3):66-77.##9. Callaghan D. Healthy behaviors, self-efficacy, self-care, and basic conditioning factors in older adults. Journal of community health nursing. 2005;22(3):169-78.##10. Haseen F, Adhikari R, Soonthorndhada K. Self-assessed health among Thai elderly. BMC geriatrics. 2010;10(1):1-9.##11. Pachana NA, Laidlaw K. The Oxford handbook of clinical geropsychology: OUP Oxford; 2014.##12. Organization(WHO) WH. Mental health of older adults 2017 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults.##13. Najafi B, Arzaghi M, Fakhrzadeh H, Sharifi F, Shoaei S, M A. Mental health status and related factors in aged population: Urban health equity assessment and response tool (Urban- HEART) study in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism;. 2014;13(1):62-73.##14. Malakouti K, Fathollahi P, Mirabzadeh A, Salavati M, Kahani S. Validation of geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) in Iran. Research in Medicine. 2006;30(4):361-9.##15. Manzouri L, Babak A, Merasi MJIJoA. The depression status of the elderly and it's related factors in Isfahan in 2007. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2010;4(4):27-33.##16. Ghaderi S, Sahaf R, Mohammadi Shahbalaghi F, Ansari G, Gharanjic A, Ashrafi K, et al. Prevalence of depression in elderly Kurdish community residing in Boukan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2012;7(1):57-66.##17. Gharanjik A, Mohammadi Shahbolaghi F, Ansari G, Najafi F, Ghaderi S, Ashrafi K, et al. The prevalence of depression in older Turkmen adults in 1389. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2011;6(3):34-9.##18. Mortazavi SS, Ardebili HE, Mohamad K, Beni RDJP. Assessing the mental health status of elderly in Shahrekord and relationship with sociodemographic factors. Payesh. 2011;10(4):485-92.##19. Mobasheri M, Moezy M. The prevalence of depression among the elderly population of Shaystegan and Jahandidegan nursing homes in Shahrekord. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2010;12(2):89-94.##20. Ashrafi K, Sahaf R, Mohammadi Shahbalaghi F, Farhadi A, Ansari G, Najafi F, et al. Prevalence of depression in Turk Azeri older adults of Iran. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2017;23(6):856-65.##21. Payahoo L, Khaje-bishak Y, Gargari BP, Kabir-alavi M-b, Jafarabadi MA. Nutritional status and its relation with depression in free-living elderly individuals. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2013;35(5):20-5.##22. Alahyari T, Mirgholikhani _Tehrani N. A study of social factors affecting depression among elderly women living in Kahrizak sanatorium. Social sciences. 2014;74.##23. Taheri Tanjanai P, Moradinazar M, Najafi F. Prevalence of depression and related social and physical factors amongst the I ranian elderly population in 2012. Geriatrics & gerontology international. 2017;17(1):126-31.##24. Jafari H, Ghasemi-Semeskandeh D, Goudarzian AH, Heidari T, Jafari-Koulaee A. Depression in the Iranian elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of aging research. 2021;2021.##25. Muramatsu N, Yin H, Hedeker D. Functional declines, social support, and mental health in the elderly: does living in a state supportive of home and community-based services make a difference? Social Science & Medicine. 2010;70(7):1050-8.## ##

Psychometric Features of the Emotional Climate Scale for Couples in Divorce Applicants 2 2 Background: In Iranian courts, counseling centers, and research institutes, the Family Emotional Atmosphere Questionnaire (FEAQ) by Navardgahfard in 1994 is widely used to assess the status of marital relationships. However, the FEAQ's contents are outdated, containing irrelevant questions, and lacking valid psychometric properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to revise and validate the psychometric properties of the Emotional Climate Scale for Couples (ECSC). Methods: This study was descriptive-correlational in nature and had practical implications. It was conducted from January 17th to July 30th, 2023. All divorce applicants referred by the courts to family counseling centers were included in the study population. Initially, the FEAQ was extracted from the website and modified to consist of 21 questions related to emotional climate between couples. Results: Subsequently, the face validity of ECSC was confirmed by experts, and exploratory factor analysis (N=307) demonstrated two subscales of lack of feelings and cooperation, and forced with limitations, explaining 63.26% of the variance in the 21 ECSC items. Confirmatory factor analysis (N=205) also indicated an acceptable fit for the ECSC model and showed good construct validity. The test-retest reliability (N=35, with a three-week interval) was 0.83 for the total scale, 0.82 and 0.81 for the two subscales, respectively, while Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the two factors were 0.93 to 0.94 and 0.96 for the total scale. Conclusion: Therefore, ECSC is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the emotional climate between couples and has wide applicability. 1380 1393 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/23 1403/7/2 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/6 1403/7/15 Mohammad Hossein Sorbi Mohammad Hossein Sorbi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Iran mhsorbi@birjand.ac.ir Nahid Ardian Nahid Ardian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran n_ardian1382@hotmail.com Saeedeh Qane-Mokhlesoon Saeedeh Qane-Mokhlesoon Department of Counseling and Guidance, Islamic Azad University, Meybod Branch, Yazd, Iran Iran s.qane_68@yahoo.com Shah Ehsan Habib Shah Ehsan Habib dSouthern Cross Institute, Sydney, Australia Australia psychometrics family expressed emotion divorce Abdolmaleki, S., Farid, A., Habibi-Kaleybar, R., Hashemi, S., & Ghodoosi Nejad, A. (2017). Investigating the relationship between family emotional atmosphere and affective control with tendency to addiction. Journal of Family Research, 12(48), 649-662.[persian]##Alonso-Tapia, J., & Nieto, C. (2019). Classroom emotional climate: Nature, measurement, effects and implications for education. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 24(2), 79-87.##Amanelahi, A., Andarz, R., & Abbaspour, Z. (2023). Predicting Sexual Behavior Based on Family Emotional Climate and Exposure to the Sexual Environment in Children with and Without Sexual Problems. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 17(2), 1-7.[persian]##Bodovski, K., & Youn, M.-J. (2010). Love, discipline and elementary school achievement: The role of family emotional climate. Social Science Research, 39(4), 585-595.##Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (2017). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. In Interpersonal development (pp. 161-170). Routledge.##Fakharian, J., Yaghoobi, A., Zargham Hajebi, M., & Mohagheghi, H. (2020). Predicting Academic Buoyancy based on Family Emotional Climate, Academic Engagement, and Academic Self-Efficacy. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 63(2), 2391-2401.##Frost, D. M., & LeBlanc, A. J. (2023). How stigma gets “in between”: Associations between changes in perceived stigma, closeness discrepancies, and relationship satisfaction among same‐sex couples. Journal of Social Issues, 79(1), 129-146.##Green, R. G., Kolevzon, M. S., & Vosler, N. R. (1985). The Beavers‐Timberlawn model of family competence and the Circumplex Model of family adaptability and cohesion: Separate, but equal? Family Process, 24(3), 385-398.##Habibi, A., & Kolahi, B. (2022). Structural equation modeling and factor analysis. Tehran: Jahad Daneshgahi Publication.##Habibpour-Gatabi, K., & Safari, R. (2016). Comperhensive manual for using SPSS: In survey researches. Tehran: Louyeh Publication.##Huerta, P., Edwards, C., Asiimwe, R., PettyJohn, M., VanBoxel, J., Morgan, P., & Wittenborn, A. K. (2023). Exploratory analysis of pursue-withdraw patterns, attachment, and gender among couples in emotionally focused therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 51(1), 57-75.##Jones, J. D., Fraley, R. C., Ehrlich, K. B., Stern, J. A., Lejuez, C., Shaver, P. R., & Cassidy, J. (2018). Stability of attachment style in adolescence: An empirical test of alternative developmental processes. Child development, 89(3), 871-880.##Kapetanovic, S., & Skoog, T. (2021). The role of the family’s emotional climate in the links between parent-adolescent communication and adolescent psychosocial functioning. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(2), 141-154.##Kapetanovic, S., Skoog, T., Bohlin, M., & Gerdner, A. (2019). Aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship and associations with adolescent risk behaviors over time. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(1), 1-4.##Lansford, J. E., Rothenberg, W. A., Jensen, T. M., Lippold, M. A., Bacchini, D., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater‐Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., & Dodge, K. A. (2018). Bidirectional relations between parenting and behavior problems from age 8 to 13 in nine countries. Journal of research on adolescence, 28(3), 571-590.##Fitzgerald, H. E., von Klitzing, K., Cabrera, N., Scarano de Mendonça, J., & Skjøthaug, T. (2020). Handbook of fathers and child development. Springer International Publishing.‌##Moayed, F., Hajiali-Akbari, S., & Hobbi, M. B. (2018). The role of Alexithymia in marital conflicts in women who apply for divorce in Tehran. Women and Family Studies, 11(42), 125-140.##Moghadam, H., Ghanizadeh, A., & Ghonsooly, B. (2022). The Effect of Mindfulness-Cultivation Intervention on EFL Learners’ Reflective Thinking, Positive Orientation, and Language Achievement. Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly (Formerly Journal of Teaching Language Skills), 41(1), 69-101.##Mohammadi, F., Joukar, M., & Golestaneh, M. (2017). Construction, Construction, factor analysis and standardization of the emotional divorce questionnaire. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 12(39), 83-105.##Navardgahfard, M. (1994). The effect of family emotional atmosphere on adolescent self-esteem. Islamic Azad University of Roudehen. Tehran.##Neckel, S., & Hasenfratz, M. (2021). Climate emotions and emotional climates: the emotional map of ecological crises and the blind spots on our sociological landscapes. Social Science Information, 60(2), 253-271.##Nejad, S. R., Ghamari, M., Jafari, A., & Babakhani, V. (2022). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Couple Therapy and Glaser's Couple Therapy on Quality of Emotional Climate in Spouses Affected by Extramarital Relationships. Journal of Consulting Excellence and Psychotherapy: Issue, 42(11), 45-58.##Santos, L., Martins, J., da Silva, D. R., Matos, M., do Rosário Pinheiro, M., & Rijo, D. (2023). Emotional climate in residential care scale for youth: Psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Children and Youth Services Review, 148, 106-112.##Shahmardi, S., Pourebrahim, T., & Hobbi, M. B. (2021). Analysis of structural equations of emotional distress based on family emotional atmosphere and attachment styles mediated by differentiation and body image of married people. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 19(3), 439-453.##Todorov, E.-H., Paradis, A., & Ha, T. (2023). Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Relationship Satisfaction in Adolescent Couples: The Role of Conflict Resolution Strategies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52(8), 1753-1767.##Vandekerkhof, P., Hoekx, L., & Claus, B. (2022). An exploratory study on the emotional climate within family firms: The impact of emotional dissonance. European Journal of Family Business, 12(1), 1-20.##Wiebe, S. A., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). A review of the research in emotionally focused therapy for couples. Family Process, 55(3), 390-407.## ##

Nutritional Status and Anemia among Scheduled Caste Adolescent Girls of District Yamunanagar, Haryana, India 2 2 Background: During adolescence, nutrition is crucial for physical and cognitive development, yet socio-economic disparities and nutritional deficiencies, especially in girls, lead to health vulnerabilities, including high anemia rates. Despite recent data from the National Family Health Survey, there is limited information on adolescents aged 11-16 years, requiring targeted research. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the nutritional status, determine the prevalence of anemia, and explore associated factors among adolescent girls of the scheduled caste in District Yamunanagar, Haryana, India. Methods: The study sampled 450 scheduled caste girls aged 11-16 years from schools in District Yamunanagar, Haryana. Height and weight were measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Data on micro-environmental factors, socio-economic and demographic variables, and dietary habits were collected through interview-based schedule. Hemoglobin levels were measured using Sahli’s Acid Haematin technique, and nutritional status was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) standards (Z-score method). Results: The study found increases in height, weight, and BMI with age, with notable spurts at 12-13 years for height and 11-12 years for weight and BMI. Significant differences in height, weight, and BMI were observed between age groups. Moreover, 92.2% girls were found to be anemic, with most of them suffering from moderate anemia. Additionally, the prevalence of stunting was 67.33% and wasting was 64.90% among the girls. Household size, number of family members and menarcheal status of the girls showed a significant association with the nutritional status and anemic of the girls. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need of regular screening and timely interventions to improve the nutritional and anemic status of adolescent girls. 1394 1406 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/2 1403/4/12 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/7 1403/7/16 Priyanka Airi Goyal Priyanka Airi Goyal Anthropological Survey of India, Ministry of Culture, Government of India, North West Regional Centre, Dehradun, India India drpriyankaairigoyal@gmail.com Indu Talwar Indu Talwar Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India India talwarindu@yahoo.co.in Body Mass Index Anemia Nutritional Status Hemoglobin Adolescence Abdelaziz, S.B., Youssef, M.R.L., Sedrak, A.S. & Labib, J.R. (2015). Nutritional status and dietary habits of school children in beni-suef governorate, Egypt. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6, 54-63.##Aguayo, V. M., Paintal, K. (2017). Nutrition in adolescent girls in South Asia. BMJ, 357.##Azzopardi, P. S., Hearps, S. J., Francis, K. L., Kennedy, E. C., Mokdad, A. H., Kassebaum, N. J., ... & Patton, G. C. (2019). Progress in adolescent health and wellbeing: tracking 12 headline indicators for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016. The Lancet, 393(10176), 1101-1118.‌##Balasubramanian, P. (2005). Health needs of poor unmarried adolescent girls-A community based study in rural Tamilnadu. Indian Journal of Population Education, 6(1), 18-33.##Balci, Y.I., Karabulut, A., Gurses, D., & Covut, I.E. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among adolescents in Denizli, Turkey. Iran Journal of Pediatrics, 22(1), 77-81.##Basu, A. M. (1993). Women's roles and gender gap in health and survival. Economic and Political Weekly, 2356-2362.##Basu, S., Basu, S., Hazarika, R., & Parmar, V. (2005). Prevalence of anemia among school going adolescents of chandigarh. Indian Pediatrics, 42(6), 593-597.##Benedict, R. K., Schmale, A., & Namaste, S. (2018). Adolescent nutrition 2000-2017: DHS data on adolescents age 15-19.##Bhadaniya, H.K., Samani, V.S., & Jotangiya, D.J. (2013). Study on nutritional status of school girls in Rajkot city as determined by anthropometry. Food Science Research Journal, 4(1), 77-79.##Bhattacharyya, H., & Barua, A. (2013). Nutritional status and factors affecting nutrition among adolescent girls in urban slums of Dibrugarh, Assam. National Journal of Community Medicine, 4(1), 35-39.##Blossner, M., De Onis, M., & Prüss-Üstün, A. (2005). Malnutrition: quantifying the health impact at national and local levels. World Health Organization.‌## Blum W F Englaro P Hanitsch S Juul Hertel N M ller J Skakkeb k N.E., Heiman, M.L., Birkett, M., Attanasio, A.M., & Kiess, W. (1997). Plasma leptin levels in healthy children and adolescents: Dependence on body mass index, body fat mass, gender, pubertal stage, and testosterone 1. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 82(9), 2904-2910.##Bose, K., Bisai, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2007). Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of rural school children. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology, 2(1), 367-371.##Chandrakumari, A. S., Sinha, P., Singaravelu, S., & Jaikumar, S. (2019). Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 8(4), 1414-1417.‌##Burniat, W., Cole, T. J., Lissau, I., & Poskitt, E. M. (Eds.). (2006). Child and adolescent obesity: Causes and consequences, prevention and management.‌##Chauhan, S., Kumar, P., Marbaniang, S. P., Srivastava, S., & Patel, R. (2022). Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adolescents in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 8197.##Claessens, A. L., Beunen, G., & Malina, R. M. (2000). Anthropometry, physique, body composition and maturity. Paediatric exercise science and medicine, 2.‌##Dambhare, D. G., Bharambe, M. S., Mehendale, A. M., & Garg, B. S. (2010). Nutritional status and morbidity among school going adolescents in Wardha, a peri-urban area. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 9(2).##Daniel, R. A., Kalaivani, M., Kant, S., & Gupta, S. (2023). Prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls (10–19 years) in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Natl Med J India, 36(4), 233-40.##Onis, M. D., Onyango, A. W., Borghi, E., Siyam, A., Nishida, C., & Siekmann, J. (2007). Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World health Organization, 85(9), 660-667.‌##Devi, S., Deswal, V., & Verma, R. (2015). Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls: A school based study. International journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, 5(1), 95-98.##Eiben, O. G., & Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (2004). Children’s growth and socio-economic status in Hungary. Economics & Human Biology, 2(2), 295-320.##Fazili, A. (2012). Nutritional status of school age children (5-14 years) in a rural health block of North India (Kashmir) using WHO z-score system. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 11(2),2.##Gaiki, V., & Wagh, V. (2014). Nutritional status of adolescent girls from selected rural areas of a district from Central India. Innovative Journal of Medicine and Health Science, 4(2), 90-92.##Garzón, A. J. R., Ramones, A. C. M., Caldas, M. M. R., Jaramillo, M. I. H., & Ramírez, J. R. C. (2023). Nutritional Status And Its Relationship With Socioeconomic Level In Schoolchildren Of The Uunt Wichim Community, Seville Don Bosco Parish. Morona Santiago, 2023. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(15), 417-424.##Gluckman, P. D., & Hanson, M. A. (2006). Evolution, development and timing of puberty. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 17(1), 7-12.##Goel, S., & Gupta, B.P. (2007). Low anemia prevalence among adolescents of an urban hilly community. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 1(1),67-68.##Goyal, R., Mehta, P., & Kaur, G. (2012). Nutritional status and menarche in adolescents of Punjab. J Life Sci, 4(1), 63-66.##Gibson, S., Adamski, M., Blumfield, M., Dart, J., Murgia, C., Volders, E., & Truby, H. (2020). Promoting evidence based nutrition education across the world in a competitive space: Delivering a Massive Open Online Course. Nutrients, 12(2), 344.‌##Goyle, A. (2009). Nutritional status of girls studying in a government school in Jaipur city as determined by anthropometry. Anthropologist, 11(3), 225-227.##Goyle, A., & Prakash, S. (2009). Iron status of adolescent girls (10-15 years) attending a government school in Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 15 (2), 205-211.##Gupta, A., Parashar, A., Thakur, A., & Sharma, D. (2012). Anemia among adolescent girls in Shimla hills of north India: Does BMI and onset of menarche have a role. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 66 (5-6), 126-130.##Gupta, N., & Kochar, G. (2009). Pervasiveness of anaemia in adolescent girls of the lower socio-economic groups of the district of Kurukshetra (Haryana). The internet journal of nutrition and wellness, 7(1), 1-5.‌##Gupta, V. K., Maria, A. K., Kumar, R., Bahia, J. S., & Arora, S. (2011). To study the prevalence of anaemia in young males and females with respect to the age, body mass index (BMI), activity profile and the socioeconomic status in rural Punjab. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 5(5), 1020-1026.##Gupta, A., Sachdev, H. S., Kapil, U., Prakash, S., Pandey, R. M., Sati, H. C., ... & Lal, P. R. (2022). Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India. Public Health Nutrition, 25(12), 3499-3508.##Haidar, J., Abate, G., Kogi-Makau, W., & Sorensen, P. (2005). 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Religion as a Social Determinant of Health: Perceived Role of Religiosity in Risky Behavior and Social Problems 2 2 Background: Religion as a social determinants of health(SDOH) has long been a topic of fascination and debate, affecting various aspects of human life, including behavior. Some behaviors cause social problems due to harmful consequences they have when they become popular. Risky health behaviors are part of these social issues Method: This study employs Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore individuals' perceptions of the role of religiosity in social problems in Shiraz in 2022 . To gain deeper insights into this relationship, we conducted semi- structured in-depth interviews with 14 participants, who engaged in various forms of risky behavior. Results: The study revealed four distinct themes: a constructive viewpoint, where religion was seen as integral to addressing social issues, guiding individuals towards positive behavior; a destructive viewpoint, where religion was perceived as a source of harm and risky behavior; a separation between social issues and religion, indicating that certain social problems and behavior transcend religious definitions; and the interaction of religion with some factors which underscores the interplay between religion and other determinants, such as economic status, in shaping perceptions of social problems. Economic status emerged as a significant factor influencing participants' perspectives on social issues and risky behavior. Conclusion: This study showed that understanding of people involved in high-risk behaviors about the role of religion in the occurrence of these behaviors and social damages are very different. Some consider religion to be very effective in preventing these behaviors, and some consider religion to be the cause of social damage, emphasizing the importance of considering these diverse perspectives in addressing social issues in contemporary society. 1407 1421 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/18 1403/5/28 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/1 1403/7/10 Narges Arab Moghaddam Narges Arab Moghaddam Academic Center for Educarion, Culture and Research- Fars Branch. Shiraz, Iran Iran narabmoghadam@yahoo.com Maryam Soroush Maryam Soroush Academic Center for Educarion, Culture and Research- Fars Branch. Shiraz, Iran Iran msoroush52@gmail.com Hassan Joulaei Hassan Joulaei Health Policy Research Center (HPRC), Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran Joulaei_h@yahoo.com Sedige Alborzi Sedige Alborzi Academic Center for Educarion, Culture and Research- Fars Branch. 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(2015). Religious orientation and academic stress among university students. International Journal of Behavioral Research in Psychology, 3(3), 85-89. https://doi.org/10. 19070/2332-3000-1500015. ##Blaikie, N., & Priest, J. (2019). Designing social research: The logic of anticipation. John Wiley & Sons. ##Borges, M., Lucchetti, G., Leão, F., Vallada, H., & Peres, M. (2021). Religious Affiliations Influence Health-Related and General Decision Making: A Brazilian Nationwide Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6). https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062873 ##Burris, J. L., Smith, G. T., & Carlson, C. R. (2009). Relations among religiousness, spirituality, and sexual practices. Journal of Sex Research, 46(4), 282-289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00224490802684582. ##Busse, H., Buck, C., Stock, C., Zeeb, H., Pischke, C. R., Fialho, P. M. M., . . . Helmer, S. M. (2021). Engagement in health risk behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in German university students: results of a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 10-14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ ijerph18041 410. ##Campante, F., & Yanagizawa-Drott, D. (2015). Does religion affect economic growth and happiness? Evidence from Ramadan. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(2), 615-658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv002 ##Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4 ed.). Sage. ##Davoodi, T., Jamshidi-Sianaki, M., Abedi, F., Payir, A., K.Cui, Y., Harris, P. L., & H.Corriveau, K. (2019). Beliefs about religious and scientific entities among parents and children in Iran. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(7), 847-855. [Persian]https://doi.org/ https:// doi.org/10.1177/1948550618806057 ##Enoch, J., Subramanian, A., & Willig, C. (2023). “If I don’t like it, I’ll just pop the phone down!”: Reflecting on participant and researcher experiences of telephone interviews conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 4, 100351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100351 ##Gold, M., Sheftel, A. V., Chiappetta, L., Young, A. J., Zuckoff, A., DiClemente, C. C., & Primack, B. A. (2010). Associations between religiosity and sexual and contraceptive behaviors. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23(5), 290-297. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.jpag.2010.02.012 ##Guo, S., & Metcalfe, C. (2019). Religion as a social control: A longitudinal study of religious involvement and substance use. Crime & Delinquency, 65(8), 1149-1181. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128718787510 ##Hajilou, F., Golabi, F., & Ranjegargalekandy, B. (2023). The Relationship of Moral Judgment and Adherence to Believers with Breakdown in the Family Institution. Strategic Research on Social Problems, 12(2), 129-148. [Persian] https://doi. org/ 10.22108/srspi.2023.138598.1924 ##Hodge, D. R., Marsiglia, F. F., & Nieri, T. (2011). Religion and Substance Use among Youths of Mexican Heritage: A Social Capital Perspective. Soc Work Res, 35(3), 137-146. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/swr/35.3.137 ##Iman, M. T. (2009). Paradigmatic foundations of quantitative and qualitative research methods in the humanities. Qom: Research Institute and University. [Persian] ##Joulaei, H., Bhuiyan, A. R., Sayadi, M., Morady, F., & Kazerooni, P. A. (2014). Slums’ access to and coverage of primary health care services: a cross-sectional study in Shiraz, a Metropolis in Southern Iran. Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 39(2). [Persian]https://doi.org/https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3993042 ##Joulaei, H., Maharlouei, N., Tabrizi, R., & Lankarani, K. B. (2016). The Millennium Development Goals; A Global Assignment [Review Article]. Shiraz E-Med J, 17(1), e35479. [Persian] https://doi.org/10.17795/semj35479 ##Kruk, J., & Aboul-Enein, B. H. (2024). Religion- and Spirituality-Based Effects on Health-Related Components with Special Reference to Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. Religions, 15(7), 835. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/7/835 ##Larkin, M., Flowers, P., & Smith, J. A. (2021). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. sage publication. ##Lee, D. B., Hope, M. O., Heinze, J. E., Cunningham, M., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2020). Psychological pathway from racial discrimination to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption: Religious coping as a protective factor. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 19(3), 453-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2018.1540956 ##Lefevor, G. T., Sorrell, S. A., & Skidmore, S. J. (2024). 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Contextual religiosity and the risk of alcohol use disorders and suicidal thoughts among adults in the united states. J Affect Disord, 250, 439-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.021 ##Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., . . . Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & Quantity, 52(4), 1893-1907. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8 ##Short, S. E., & Mollborn, S. (2015). Social determinants and health behaviors: conceptual frames and empirical advances. Current Opinion in Psychology, 5, 78-84. https://doi.org/https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.05.002 ##Sinha, J. W., Cnaan, R. A., & Gelles, R. J. (2007). Adolescent risk behaviors and religion: Findings from a national study. Journal of Adolescence, 30(2), 231-249. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.005 ##Smith, J. A. (2017). 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Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge Management and Patient Relationship Management and the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing 2 2 Background: Individuals and their skills in learning and sharing knowledge are regarded as fundamental factors in the competitive success of organizations. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and patient relationship management and the mediating role of knowledge sharing among the staff of Shahid Ayatollah Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz. Methods: This study employs a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The statistical population included all the staff of Shahid Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz in 2023, totaling 250 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 155 individuals using Morgan table and was selected through stratified random sampling as the final sample, based on quotas. 1-Knowledge Management Questionnaire and Dixon’s Standardized Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire . Data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and univariate regression analysis using SPSS-25 software. Results: The findings indicated a significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge management and the mean score of patient relationship management (P = 0.001). Knowledge management can positively and significantly predict communication with the patient (P=0.001, β=0.276) and knowledge sharing can positively and significantly predict communication with the patient )P= 0/001, β = 0.255). Conclusion: It appears that enhancing knowledge management, knowledge sharing, and relationships among hospital staff are concepts closely linked to productivity, effectiveness, and performance of personnel and organizations 1422 1431 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/182024/02/18 1402/11/29 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/12024/10/1 1403/7/10 Monika Motaghi Monika Motaghi Department of Health, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran monika3005@yahoo.co.uk Shahla Pakdel Shahla Pakdel Shahid Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Iran mr.k1.khosravian2@gmail.com Neda Kouravand Neda Kouravand Shariati Hospital, Social Security Organization, Isfahan, Iran Iran Knowledge management Professional-patient relations Information sharing 1-Chen J, Zhu Z, Xie HY. Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual capital. 2004.##2- Parirokh, Mehri, and Khatamian Far. "Investigation of the status and platforms of knowledge sharing in the organization of Astan Quds Razavi libraries, in accordance with the model of Nonaka and Take Ouchi." Library and information 4 (2008).##3-Drucker PF. Organizations. Harvard business review. 1992;20(7):281-93. ##4- Afrazah, Abbas, Mohammadnabi, Saviz, Mohammadnabi, Sina. The model of measuring and improving the degree of organizational sustainability with the approach of knowledge management. Management studies (improvement and transformation). 2010; 20(61):37-63.##17- Ahadi, et al. "Investigating the relationship between knowledge management and nurses' performance from their perspective in emergency departments." Research in Medical Science Education 14.3 (2022): 61-70.##18- Bordoloi P Islam N. knowledge management practices and healthcare delivery: a contingency framework.The Electronic Journal of knowledge management 2012 / 10 (2) :110-20.##19- Maryam Yaqoubi, Seyyed Hassan Amiri Fini, Fatemeh Rahmati Najar Kalai, Military Medicine Magazine (70 series) Winter 1395 Number 4)## 20-Dunford R. Key challenges in the search for the effective management of knowledge in management consulting firms. Journal of knowledge management. 2000;4(4):295-302.##36- Malhotra, Yogesh. "From information management to knowledge management: Beyond the" hi-tech hidebound" systems." Knowledge management and business model innovation. IGI Global, 2001. 115-134.‌##37- Vakili, Mohammad Masoud, Ali Reza Hidarnia, and Shamsaddin Niknami. "Development and psychometrics of an interpersonal communication skills scale (ASMA) among Zanjan health volunteers." Hayat 18.1 (2012): 5-19.‌##amirkhani, A., & hajeezadeh, M. (2016). The Influence of Knowledge Management Infrastructure on Organizational Performance of Staff of Education Vice-Presidency Department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Horizons of Medical Education Development, 7(1), 14-21. doi: 10.22038/hmed.2016.13601##VANG, Jan. Face-to-face, buzz, and knowledge bases: sociospatial implications for learning, innovation, and innovation policy. Environment and planning C: Government and Policy, 2007, 25.5: 655-670.‌##Sullivan PH. Profiting from intellectual capital: Extracting value from innovation: John Wiley & Sons; 1998.##9-Akar H, Yildirim A. Change in teacher candidates' metaphorical images about classroom management in a social constructivist learning environment. Teaching in Higher Education. 2009;14(4):401-15.##Gaviria-Marin, Magaly, Jose M. Merigo, and Simona Popa. "Twenty years of the Journal of Knowledge Management: A bibliometric analysis." Journal of Knowledge Management (2018).##Oluwamayowa A, Adedeji A, Sanjay M, Faith A, editors. Empirical framework for tackling recurring project management challenges using knowledge management mechanisms. Computational Science and Its Applications–ICCSA 2020: 20th International Conference, Cagliari, Italy, July 1–4, 2020, Proceedings, Part VI 20; 2020: Springer.##30-Azizi, Rashidi, Tabatabai Nep, Akbar S. Identifying and determining indicators and components of human capital development in crisis management, case study: Tax Affairs Organization. Crisis Management. 2020; 9(1):115-27.## ##

A Survey of Awareness and Attitudes of Men Aged Over 40 Years about Andropause 2 2 Introduction: Andropause is a condition that affects men as they age, similar to menopause in women. Unfortunately, there is limited research on this topic in Iran, and many men are unfamiliar with this concept. To address this knowledge gap, a study was conducted to investigate the attitudes and awareness of andropause among men over the age of 40 in Ardakan City. Methods: This study was conducted on 281 men aged over 40 years from Ardakan city in 2019. The sampling method used was cluster sampling and data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed, using SPSS software version 18 and the statistical methods of variance, Pearson correlation, and regression were used. Results: Men have a low level of awareness about andropause, and their attitude towards it is negative. The study found that the mean score of participants’ awareness about andropause was significantly impacted by age groups (P <0.05), education level (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05). In terms of attitude towards andropause, the mean score was significantly impacted by age groups (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05), but not by education level (P >0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient shows that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the mean score of awareness and the score of attitude. Conclusion: The low awareness and negative attitudes towards andropause among men in Ardakan City emphasize the need for more education and awareness on this topic. Providing men with accurate information about the symptoms, causes, and management of andropause is crucial to help them make informed decisions regarding their health. By addressing the knowledge gap and promoting positive attitudes towards andropause, healthcare providers can enhance the overall well-being of men in this age group. 1432 1439 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/182024/02/182024/05/10 1403/2/21 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/12024/10/12024/10/7 1403/7/16 Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran mazloomy@ssu.ac.ir Fariba Farhoud Fariba Farhoud Department of Nutrition, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute ,School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran faribafarhoud4@gmail.com Amir Kebriaei Amir Kebriaei Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran amir.keb.2017@gmail.com Awareness Attitude Andropause Aging Testosterone 1. Nemati-Vakilabad R, Ajri-Khameslou M, Jegargoosheh S, Nikjou R, Momeni P. The prevalence of andropause symptoms and its relationship with social well-being among retired male nurses: A preliminary cross-sectional study. 2023.##2. Ayoubi-Mahani S, Eghbali-Babadi M, Farajzadegan Z, Keshvari M. Facilitators and Barriers to Active Aging in Iran: A Gualitative Study. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2023;18(3):438-459.##3. Jarecka K. Symptoms of hormonal changes in Polish men and women in the second half of life. Andropause and menopause–similarities and differences. Health Psychology Report. 2021;9(3):252-263.##4. Rozenberg S, Nappi RE, Schaudig K, Jannini EA, Giraldi AG. Couplepause: deconstructing sick menopause and andropause during midlife. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2023;20(11):1270-1273.##5. Mohammadi M, Allahverdipoor H, Ghanbari Moghaddam A, Matlabi H. Factors Affecting the Management of Andropause Syndrome from the Perspective of Affected Elderly Men - A Content Analysis Study. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2024;18(4):0-0.##6. Salazar J, Durán P, Díaz MP, et al. Exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and ageing: a possible age modulator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(10):5845.##7. Mohammadi M, Allahverdipour H, Ghanbari Moghaddam A, Matlabi H. The Prevalence of Andropause and Its Relationship With Sexual Quality of Life Among Older Iranian Men. American Journal of Men's Health. 2023;17(2):15579883231161050.##8. Ma G, Li J, Xie J, et al. Pulse pressure and its association with body composition among Chinese men and women without diagnosed hypertension: the China Kadoorie Biobank. Journal of Hypertension. 2023;41(11):1802-1810.##9. Park SJ, Lim YS. Challenges and Experiences of Men Who Have Undergone Andropause: Insights from a Focus Group Study. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2023;35(3):290-301.##10. Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2024.##11. Kebrieae A, Dehghani A. A Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes of Men Over 40 Years Old in Meybod about Andropause. Tolooebehdasht. 2021;20(2):1-11.##12. Moghaddam AG, Allahverdipoor H, Mohammadi M, Matlabi H. Factors Affecting the Management of Andropause Syndrome from the Perspective of Affected Elderly Men-A Content Analysis Study.##13. Maha A-S. Prevalence of andropausal symptoms among Kuwaiti males. American Journal of Men's Health. 2013;7(6):516-522.##14. Bartl R. Variants of Osteoporosis According to Sex and Age. Osteoporosis in Clinical Practice: Springer; 2023:149-163.##15. Ali IN. Impact of Selected Lifestyle Factors on Semen Quality in Iraqi Men1.## ##

Determinants of Domestic Violence during Pregnancy 2 2 Background: Due to the importance of the issue and the fact that up-to-date studies in this topic have not been conducted in Yazd city, the present research was conducted to investigate and determine the intensity and frequency of domestic violence among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study and sampling was done by simple random method. pregnant women referred to health centers in Yazd in 2021 participated in the study. For the study, 246 pregnant women were selected from 3 health centers in Yazd city in 2021. The tool used for the study was the standard questionnaire known as the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). This questionnaire was utilized to assess domestic violence, measures of dispute resolution, and demographic characteristics. After inputting the data into the SPSS version 26, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the average age of women was 31.47 ± 7.68 with a minimum age of 17 and a maximum of 55. The severity and frequency of the types of violence were measured, and the types of violence in the extreme state related to physical, mental, sexual, and verbal violence and resulting in physical injury were found to be 10%, 25%, 7%, 10%, and 19% respectively. Violence against pregnant mothers showed a significant relationship with the economic status of the family, the age of the mother's marriage, the education level of the parents, and the duration of their marriage (p<0.001). One of the most important variables affecting the severity and frequency of violence against pregnant women was the economic status of the family (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study show a connection between education level, economic status, and the prevalence of domestic violence. It is suggested to prioritize the development of diverse communication and problem-solving skills, as well as education related to family behavior on a wider scope. 1440 1448 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/182024/02/182024/05/102024/08/18 1403/5/28 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/12024/10/12024/10/72024/10/15 1403/7/24 Saeideh Sadeghi Saeideh Sadeghi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran mahlasadeghi1385@yahoo.com MoradAli Zareipour MoradAli Zareipour Department of Public Health, School of Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Iran Nahid Ardian Nahid Ardian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran n_ardian1382@hotmail.com Marzieh Mirshamsi Marzieh Mirshamsi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran m.mirshamsi2393@gmail.com Mohammad Saeed Jadgal Mohammad Saeed Jadgal Department of public health, Chabahar university of medical sciences, Chabahar, Iran Iran Jadgal15@gmail.com Domestic violence women Intimate Partner Violence Sex Offenses Verbal violence Injury. Abdollahi, F., Abhari, F. R., Charati, J. Y., & Rouhani, S. (2014). Impact of psychological violence on pregnancy outcomes in a prospective study. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 8(3), 22.[persian] ##Adhena, G., Oljira, L., Dessie, Y., & Hidru, H. D. (2020). Magnitude of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Advances in Public Health, 2020(1), 1682847. ##Aeri, R., & Farhoud, F. (2024). Intimate Partner Violence during pregnancy: Impact on women and children: A Review. Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health, 8(1), 1299-1305. [persian]##Ahmadi, M., Rahnavardi, M., Kiyani, M., Purhoseingholi, A., Moafi, F., & Asadzadeh, F. (2015). Study of Predisposing Factors for Domestic Violence among Women. Journal of health and care, 17(1), 70-81. [persian] ##Aizpurua, E., Copp, J., Ricarte, J. J., & Vázquez, D. (2021). Controlling behaviors and intimate partner violence among women in Spain: An examination of individual, partner, and relationship risk factors for physical and psychological abuse. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(1-2), 231-254. ##Akhtari Zavare, M., Ghaleiha, A., & Matinnia, N. (2022). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence in Primigravidae in Low Socio-Economic Areas of Hamedan, Iran. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 9(4), 137-143. [persian]##Aklimunnessa, K., Khan, M. M. H., Kabir, M., & Mori, M. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of domestic violence by husbands against wives in Bangladesh: evidence from a national survey. Journal of Men'S Health and Gender, 4(1), 52-63. ##Alkan, Ö., & Tekmanlı, H. H. (2021). Determination of the factors affecting sexual violence against women in Turkey: a population-based analysis. BMC women's health, 21(1), 188. ##Behnam, H. R., Moghadam Hoseini, V., & Soltanifar, A. (2008). Domestic violence against the Iranian pregnant women. Internal Medicine Today, 14(2), 70-76. [persian]##Bhona, F. M. d. C., Gebara, C. F. d. P., Noto, A. R., & Lourenço, L. M. (2020). Intimate partner violence: Controlling behavior and triggers of aggression. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 30, e3032. ##Chan, K. L., Tiwari, A., Fong, D. Y. T., Leung, W. C., Brownridge, D. A., & Ho, P. C. (2009). Correlates of in-law conflict and intimate partner violence against Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong. Journal of interpersonal violence, 24(1), 97-110. ##D’Angelo, D. V., Bombard, J. M., Lee, R. D., Kortsmit, K., Kapaya, M., & Fasula, A. (2023). Prevalence of experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence by a current intimate partner during pregnancy: population-based estimates from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system. Journal of family violence, 38(1), 117-126. ##Fekadu Dadi, A., Miller, E. R., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One, 15(1), e0227323. ##Gholami, H., & Barzegar, M. (2018). The Prediction of Domestic Violence against Women and Adopted Strategies according to Its BasisCriminal low doctrins, 14(14), 3-38. [persian]##Ghoneim, H. M., Elprince, M., Ali, T. Y. M., Gharieb, W. F., & Ahmed, A. A. (2021). Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 21, 1-7. ##Habibi, F., Khani, S., & Ahmadi, M. (2023). Social Determinants of Reproductive Age Women's Sexual Health: A Scoping Review. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 10(4). [persian]##Hadiloo, N., Lalooha, F., Sarichloo, M. E., & Oveisi, S. (2024). Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic in Qazvin-Iran 2021. Discover Social Science and Health, 4(1), 11. ##Hayes, T., Bridges, L., & Sharma, M. (2017). Developing and validating an instrument to measure change in binge drinking to responsible drinking in college students using multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change. ##Karaoglu, L., Celbis, O., Ercan, C., Ilgar, M., Pehlivan, E., Gunes, G., . . . Egri, M. (2006). Physical, emotional and sexual violence during pregnancy in Malatya, Turkey. The European Journal of Public Health, 16(2), 149-156. ##Khadivzadeh, T., & Erfanian, F. (2011). Comparison of domestic violence during pregnancy with the Pre-pregnancy period and its relating factors. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 14(4), 47-56. [persian]##Kishor, S. (2005). Violence against women: a statistical overview, challenges and gaps in data collection and methodology and approaches for overcoming them ##Krishnamoorthy, Y., & Ganesh, K. (2022). Prevalence and determinants of physical violence and its impact on birth outcomes during pregnancy in India: evidence from a nationally representative survey. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(5-6), 2615-2632. ##Mahmoudiani, S., Dorahaki, A., & Abedi, M. (2023). The Impact of Domestic Violence against Women on the Ideal Number ofChildren (Results of a Survey in the City of Sadra). Journal of Population Association of Iran, 18(35), 275-304. [persian]##Medrano, L. V. P., Loarte, M. A. G., Visconti-Lopez, F. J., Azañedo, D., & Vargas-Fernández, R. (2022). Physical violence during pregnancy and its implications at birth: analysis of a population survey, 2019. Healthcare, (Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 33).##Moeini, B., Jahanfar, S., Rezapur-Shahkolai, F., Karami, M., Naghdi, A., & Ezzati-Rastegar, K. (2021). Prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women in the poor neighborhoods of Hamadan, Iran. Violence and victims, 36(4), 565-579. [persian] ##Núñez-Rivas, H. P., Monge-Rojas, R., Gríos-Dávila, C., Elizondo-Ureña, A. M., & Rojas-Chavarría, A. (2003). Physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual violence during pregnancy as a reproductive-risk predictor of low birthweight in Costa Rica. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica= Pan American Journal of Public Health, 14(2), 75-83. ##Orpin, J., Papadopoulos, C., & Puthussery, S. (2020). The prevalence of domestic violence among pregnant women in Nigeria: a systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(1), 3-15. ##Raziani, Y., Hasheminasab, L., Gheshlagh, R. G., Dalvand, P., Baghi, V., & Aslani, M. (2024). The prevalence of intimate partner violence among Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian journal of public health, 52(1), 108-118. [persian]## ##

The Relationship between Work Engagement and Workaholism and Nurses' Job well-being 2 2 Background: Nurses continuously face workaholism and work engagement that affect the professional performance of nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work engagement and workaholism with nurses' job well-being. Methods: This was a descriptive correlation study. Two hundred nurses from Lahijan Hospitals were selected by convenience sampling method in 1399. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires of work engagement, workaholism, and job well-being. Data analysis was used using SPSS21 software using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage) and inferential methods (Single regression test). Results: The results of the study showed that work engagement and workaholism can predict the job well-being of nurses in Lahijan hospitals (p<0.001). Among the dimensions of job well-being, the results showed that workaholism is negatively related to the job satisfaction of nurses(p=0.03), but has a positive relationship with the dimensions of perceived stress and nurses' sleep problems(p<0.001). Among the dimensions of job well-being, work engagement can predict positive the job satisfaction of nurses(p<0.001), but cannot predict the perceived stress and the nurses' sleep problems(p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, work engagement and workaholism are good predictors for nurses' job well–being. Therefore, it is suggested that managers help to enhance nurses' job well-being by improving the motivated and vibrant work environment, creating work engagement, and reducing work addiction. 1449 1456 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/182024/02/182024/05/102024/08/182024/07/21 1403/4/31 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/12024/10/12024/10/72024/10/152024/10/6 1403/7/15 Banafsheh Abdi Banafsheh Abdi Department of Health Services Management, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran banafshe.abdi371@gmail.com Azam Alavi Azam Alavi Department of Nursing, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran azam_alavi92@yahoo.com Work Addiction Nurses Psychological well-being Work engagement 1. Abolghasem Mosalman T, Nakhoda M, Fahimi Far S, Khandan M. The Relationship between Nurses' Engagement and Knowledge Management (Case Study: Firoozabadi Hospital in Tehran). Sciences and Techniques of Information Management. 2022;8(3):251-82.##2. Hakimi I. A Survey on the Relationship between Personal and Organizational Spirituality with Job Engagement: Meaning of Work Mediating Role. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2019;9(1):77-90.##3. Zarshenas L, Sharif F, Molazem Z, Kayer M, Ebadi A, Zare N. Professional belonging in nursing students: a qualitative research. Sadra Med Sci J 2018; 6 (1): 45-55. Link.##4. Schaufeli WB. Applying the Job Demands-Resources model: A ‘how to’guide to measuring and tackling work engagement and burnout. Organizational dynamics. 2017;46(2):120-32.##5. Abrishamirad S, Kordi M, Abbasi T. A comparison of Employee’s Engagement Models with emphasis on Human Resources in Iranian Organizations. Iranian Journal of Comparative Education. 2021;4(3):1329-48.##6. Moreira-Fontán E, García-Señorán M, Conde-Rodríguez Á, González A. Teachers' ICT-related self-efficacy, job resources, and positive emotions: Their structural relations with autonomous motivation and work engagement. Computers & Education. 2019;134:63-77.##7. hasanvand a, arefnezhad m. Investigating the effect of hospital ethics on nurses' job affiliation as an effective human capital in sustainable development. Quarterly Journal of Nersing Management. 2021;10(1):23-34.##8. Moeini Korbekandi M, Tabarsa G. The Effect of Self-Efficacy and Optimism on Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Public Administration Perspective. 2024;15(1):15-35.##9. Keyko K, Cummings GG, Yonge O, Wong CA. Work engagement in professional nursing practice: A systematic review. International journal of nursing studies. 2016;61:142-64.##10. KUN B. Ten myths and twenty years: What we know and what we still do not know about work addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2018;7(4):863-6.##11. Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Atroszko PA. Ten myths about work addiction. Journal of behavioral addictions. 2018;7(4):845-57.##12. Andreassen CS, Schaufeli WB, Pallesen S. Myths about “The myths about work addiction” Commentary on: Ten myths about work addiction (Griffiths et al., 2018). Journal of behavioral addictions. 2018;7(4):858-62.##13. Zarei S, Fooladvand K. Relationship between Self-Esteem and Maladaptive Perfectionism with Workaholism among Health Care Workers: The mediating role of Rumination. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing (IJPN) Original Article. 2022;9(6).##14. Fars I, Arak I. The effects of workaholism and perfectionism on marital stress and social skills in nurses. Journal of Health and Care. 2017;19(1):50-61.##15. Kang S. Workaholism in Korea: Prevalence and socio-demographic differences. Frontiers in psychology. 2020;11:569744.##16. Khorasani Ferdavani M, Farhadi H. Meta-analysis of the treatment of Internet addiction, computer game addiction and Workaholism. Scientific Journal of Social Psychology. 2023;11(68):17-35.##17. Dargahi S, Barati Moghadam B, Ahmadboukani S, Ayadi N. The Relationship of Perceived Intimacy from the Main Family and Work-Family Conflict with Empathy and Addiction to Work in Medical Staff. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine. 2019;12:325-37.##18. Barazandeh L. The effect of social support of the employees welfare with mediation of work addiction and belonging. Journal of Research in Human Resources Management. 2016;8(3):83-108.##19. Caesens G, Stinglhamber F, Luypaert G. The impact of work engagement and workaholism on well-being: The role of work-related social support. Career Development International. 2014;19(7):813-35.##20. Ariapooran S. Sleep problems and depression in Iranian nurses: The predictive role of workaholism. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. 2019;24(1):30-7.##21. Jenaabadi H, Miri MR, Mirlatifi PR. Correlation of Workaholism with Job Stress and Job Burnout in Nurses. 2017.##22. Sarfaraz M, Sarfaraz S, Maqsood A, Ahmed N, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T, et al. Assessing the impact of workaholism and work engagement on medical university employee stress and satisfaction levels. PeerJ. 2022;10:e12565.##23. Saiga E, Yoshioka S-I. Factors influencing the happiness of Japanese nurses: association with work engagement and workaholism. Kawasaki Journal of Medical Welfare. 2021;26(2):81-93.##24. Kasemy ZA, Abd-Ellatif EE, Latif AAA, Bahgat NM, Shereda HMA, Shattla SI, et al. Prevalence of Workaholism Among Egyptian Healthcare Workers With Assessment of Its Relation to Quality of Life, Mental Health and Burnout. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8.##25. Derakhshan Z, Esakhani A. Studying the impact of high performance work systems on job satisfaction with focus on mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Development & Evolution Mnagement. 2020;1398(special issue):433-40.##26. Ge J, He J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Pan J, Zhang X, et al. Effects of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health among healthcare workers. 2021.##27. Zhang M, Zhang P, Liu Y, Wang H, Hu K, Du M. Influence of perceived stress and workload on work engagement in front‐line nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of clinical nursing. 2021;30(11-12):1584-95.##28. Cabrera-Aguilar E, Zevallos-Francia M, Morales-García M, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Morales-García SB, Sairitupa-Sanchez LZ, et al. Resilience and stress as predictors of work engagement: the mediating role of self-efficacy in nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2023;14:1202048.## ##

Determining the Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Intern Students about the Effect of Periodontal Diseases on Systemic Diseases 2 2 Background: Periodontal diseases are prevalent chronic multifactorial conditions that significantly affect individuals' quality of life across various dimensions. Additionally, the association and impact of periodontal disease on systemic health have been a focus of medical attention for many years. This influence is particularly recognized as a risk factor in several conditions, notably coronary artery disease. Consequently, enhancing awareness and improving the attitudes of healthcare professionals toward this association is of great importance. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the level of awareness and attitudes regarding this impact. This study has investigated the knowledge and attitude of medical intern students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive study, a knowledge of the effect of periodontal disease on systemic diseases and their attitude towards periodontal in medical interns of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, a total of 160 people who were selected by census method, were investigated using a questionnaire based on the study by Thomas and Pralhad in 2011. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software with independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 160 medical interns were surveyed. There was a significant positive correlation between the age of students and their attitude toward periodontal health (p=0.024). Additionally, the student's knowledge and attitudes toward periodontal health were not significantly associated with the level of information about periodontal disease or the predominant source of oral health information (p>0.05). Moreover, knowledge of the impact of systemic diseases or conditions on periodontal disease was significantly correlated with awareness of the impact of systemic diseases on periodontal health (p<0.001). Furthermore, attitudes toward periodontal health showed a significant positive correlation with knowledge of the systemic impact on periodontal disease (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the participant's knowledge regarding the impact of periodontal disease on systemic health is moderate. While the majority of participants assess their knowledge about periodontal issues as insufficient, they believe that clinical and theoretical education related to this topic should be included in the curriculum of their studies. Furthermore, they express a positive attitude toward acquiring more information and education on this matter. 1457 1467 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/182024/02/182024/05/102024/08/182024/07/212023/09/3 1402/6/12 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/12024/10/12024/10/72024/10/152024/10/62024/10/6 1403/7/15 Monika Motaghi Monika Motaghi Department of Health, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran Firouz Amraie Firouz Amraie Department of Health, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran Neda kouravand Neda kouravand Shariati Hospital, Social Security Organization, Isfahan, Iran Iran Knowledge Attitude Periodontal diseases Systemic diseases Determining the knowledge and attitude of medical intern students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences about the effect of periodontal diseases on systemic diseases in 1402##Abstract:##Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic and common multifactorial disease that affects people's quality of life in different dimensions. Although the main factor is bacterial plaque, there is a consensus that some systemic conditions accelerate and aggravate it. On the other hand, from the past until now, the connection and effect of periodontal disease on systemic health has been the attention of doctors. This effect is better known as a risk factor in systemic diseases, and its mechanism has also been explained, and in some cases, it is stronger. No, even accepting the connection, there is no doubt that the control of gum disease will be effective in improving systemic diseases, therefore, increasing awareness and improving the attitude of various elements of health and treatment towards it will be valuable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge and attitude of medical intern students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences about the effect of periodontal diseases on systemic diseases in 1402.##Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, the awareness of the effect of periodontal disease on systemic diseases and their attitude towards periodontal in medical interns of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by census method, were investigated using a questionnaire. The obtained data It was analyzed by SPSS software with independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient.##Findings: The total number of people investigated was 160 medical interns including 80 women and 80 men. 87.9% of the respondents stated that their knowledge of periodontal diseases was insufficient. The average age of the respondents was 25.32±3.5 years. The dominant source of information for the sample was social networks (54.1%). The mean and standard deviation of the score of knowledge of periodontal generalities was 2.32±0.93 (out of 4 scores), awareness of the impact of disease or systemic conditions on periodontal disease was 6.90±2.33 (out of 10 scores) and awareness of the impact of periodontal diseases on Disease or systemic health was 3.20±2.31 (out of 8 scores), attitude towards periodontal treatment was 33.10±3.69 (out of 40 scores). The average knowledge of periodontal disease among female students was significantly higher than that of male students (p=0.028). Also, there is a significant positive relationship between students' age and attitude towards periodontal health (p=0.024). In addition, students' knowledge and attitude towards periodontal has no significant relationship with the variables of information about periodontal disease and the dominant source of receiving oral and dental health information (p>0.05). Awareness of periodontal disease in general has no significant relationship with other variables (p>0.05). Also, the awareness of the disease or systemic condition has a significant positive relationship with the awareness of the effect of the disease or systemic condition on periodontal disease (p<0.001). In addition, the attitude towards periodontal disease has a significant positive relationship with the awareness of the effect of the disease or systemic conditions on periodontal disease (p<0.01).##Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the knowledge of the studied subjects about the effect of periodontal disease on systemic health is adequate and the knowledge of the effect of periodontal diseases on the disease or systemic health is weak. evaluate, but they believe that they should receive clinical and theoretical trainings related to this topic in the curriculum of the study period and have a positive attitude to receive more information and training. Systemic diseases and presentation of scientific findings in an attractive and appropriate format should be interdepartmental.##Keywords: awareness, attitude, periodontal diseases, systemic diseases, medical intern## ##

Predicting Family Stability Based on Emotion Regulation and Sexual Self-Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy 2 2 Background: Consolidating families is a crucial strategy that can enhance and ultimately solidify marital relationships. Factors such as emotions, personality traits, and interpersonal intimacy significantly influence family stability, contributing to mental health promotion and overall societal happiness. Thus, this study aims to predict family stability through emotional regulation and sexual self-efficacy while examining the mediating role of marital intimacy. Methods: This descriptive-correlational research targeted all married individuals in Yazd City (with a minimum of five years marriage) in 2022. A total of 200 participants were selected using convenience sampling methods. The study employed questionnaires assessing family stability(Low scores in the family stability questionnaire indicate greater stability), sexual self-efficacy, emotion regulation, and marital intimacy. Data analysis was conducted using Amos and SPSS software packages. Results: The findings revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between cognitive reappraisal and suppression considering family stability (p > 0.05). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was found between family stability and sexual self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive and significant association was between sexual self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal, while a negative and significant correlation was observed between marital intimacy and suppression (p < 0.05). Sexual self-efficacy demonstrated a significant direct negative impact on family stability (β = -0.22). In addition, both sexual self-efficacy (β = 0.16) and cognitive reappraisal (β = 0.66) exhibited significant and direct positive effects, whereas suppression (β = -0.46) had a significant direct and negative effect on marital intimacy. Conclusion: Enhancing sexual self-efficacy along with marital intimacy and effective emotion regulation among couples can create favorable conditions for family stability and consolidation, marking an important advancement in promoting lasting marital relationships. Keywords: Emotion regulation, Family, marriage, , Sexual Behavior, Self-efficacy, Marital intimacy 1468 1476 2024/08/262024/09/182024/07/12024/07/252024/09/232024/07/22024/08/182024/02/182024/05/102024/08/182024/07/212023/09/32024/09/30 1403/7/9 2024/10/112024/10/72024/10/12024/10/72024/10/62024/10/72024/10/12024/10/12024/10/72024/10/152024/10/62024/10/62024/10/30 1403/8/9 Razieh Bagheri Razieh Bagheri Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran radyhbagry09@gmail.com Alireza Bakshaish Alireza Bakshaish Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran abakhshayesh@yazd.ac.ir Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran zareei_h@yahoo.com Emotion regulation Family marriage Sexual Behavior Self-efficacy Marital intimacy Abbasi, S., Dokaneifard, F., & Shafiabadi, A. (2019). 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