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Do not ignore the Participation of smoking men in caring for their pregnant wives from exposure to Secondhand Smoke 2 2 Men's smoking is a source of exposure to tobacco smoke, which is linked to the amount of cotinine in pregnant women (Taylor et al., 2014). The rate of exposure to secondhand smoke in pregnant women in Iran was 23.1% (MazloomyMahmoodabad et al., 2019). Addressing SHS exposure in pregnancy in low- 773 775 2022/01/2 1400/10/12 2022/05/17 1401/2/27 Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Department of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran zohrehkarimian68@gmail.com Secondhand Smoke Smoking Men Pregnant Women Barker, G., Ricardo, C., Nascimento, M. & Organization, W. H. 2007. Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions.##Karimiankakolaki, Z., Mazloomymahmoodabad, S. S., Kazemi, A. & Fallahzadeh, H. 2019. Designing an educational intervention on second-hand smoke in smoker men on the exposure of pregnant wives: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Reproductive Health, 16, 1-5.##Loke, A. Y., Lam, T. H., Pan, S. C., Li, S. Y., Gao, X. J. & Song, Y. Y. 2000. Exposure to and actions against passive smoking in non‐smoking pregnant women in Guangzhou, China. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 79, 947-952.##Mazloomymahmoodabad, S. S., Karimiankakolaki, Z., Kazemi, A., Mohammadi, N. K. & Fallahzadeh, H. 2019. Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors. Tobacco Prevention and Cessation, 5, 1-9.##Nwosu, C., Angus, K., Cheeseman, H. & Semple, S. 2020. Reducing secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking pregnant women: a systematic review. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 22, 2127-2133.##Quiñones, Z., Li, D., Mcintosh, S., Avendaño, E., Sánchez, J. J., Dimare-Hering, C., Flores Golfín, D., Wang, S., Pérez-Ramos, J. G. & Dv Dye, T. 2022. Predictors of Secondhand Smoke Exposure during pregnancy in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac011.##Rabinerson, D., From, A. & Borovich, A. 2020. Active and Secondhand (Passive) Smoking During Pregnancy. Harefuah, 159, 503-507.##Simbar, M., Nahidi, F. & Ramezankhani, A. 2009. Fathers’ educational needs about perinatal care: A qualitative approach. Hakim Research Journal, 12, 19-31.##Stanton, W. R., Lowe, J. B., Moffatt, J. & Del Mar, C. B. 2004. Randomised control trial of a smoking cessation intervention directed at men whose partners are pregnant. Preventive medicine, 38, 6-9.##Taylor, A. E., Smith, G. D., Bares, C. B., Edwards, A. C. & Munafò, M. R. 2014. Partner smoking and maternal cotinine during pregnancy: implications for negative control methods. Drug and alcohol dependence, 139, 159-163.##Wakefield, M., Reid, Y., Roberts, L., Mullins, R. & Gillies, P. 1998. Smoking and smoking cessation among men whose partners are pregnant: a qualitative study. Social science & medicine, 47, 657-664.##WHO. 2013. WHO recommendations for the prevention and management of tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in pregnancy. http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/pregnancy/ guidelinestobaccosmokeexposure/en/ index. html [Online].##Xia, W., Li, H. C. W., Song, P., Ho, K. Y., Luo, Y., Liang, T., Ho, L. L. K., Cheung, A. T. & Cai, W. 2021. Perceptions, behaviours and attitudes towards smoking held by the male partners of Chinese pregnant women: a qualitative study. BMC public health, 21, 1-10.##Zhang, L., Hsia, J., Tu, X., Xia, Y., Zhang, L., Bi, Z., Liu, H., Li, X. & Stanton, B. 2015. Peer Reviewed: Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and Interventions Among Pregnant Women in China: A Systematic Review. Preventing chronic disease, 12, 1-11.## ##

The Role of Social Support and Caregiver Burdens among Parents of Children with Cancer 2 2   Background: Cancer is the most common disease in the present century and the number of affected children is increasing. It can cause many problems for family caregivers. This study assessed the correlation between social support and care-giving burden among parents of children with cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by convenience sampling method on 230 parents (115 mothers and 115 fathers) referring to Oncology Clinic and Oncology Ward  in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (Iran) from March to August 2020 (Covid-19 Pandemics). Researchers asked the patients' parents to answer the questionnaires. The data were gathered by the demographic questionnaire, Care Burden Scale (CBS), and Social Support Scale and analyzed with SPSS21 using Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (P=0.05). Results: The mean of the care burden of parents was 52.19 2.48 and the social support of them was higher than that (78.78± 13.21). There was no significant correlation between social support and domains of general strain (P=0.90), disappointment (P=0.52), emotional involvement (P=0.53), environment (P=0.95), and isolation (P=0.40) of the care burden. Conclusions: There was no correlation between social support and care burden in the parents of children with cancer.  Other factors may be involved in care burden of the parents. More research  is needed with more samples in the future. 776 785 2022/01/22021/11/9 1400/8/18 2022/05/172022/05/7 1401/2/17 Behzad Roozbeh Behzad Roozbeh Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran behzadroozbeh@yahoo.com Mahsa Naemi Mahsa Naemi Department of Nursing Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran naemimahsa442@gmail.com Maryam Soltani Gerdefaramarzi Maryam Soltani Gerdefaramarzi Department of Nursing Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran maryamsoltani430@gmail.com Zahra Pourmovahed Zahra Pourmovahed 1-Department of Nursing Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. 2-IranHematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran movahed446@yahoo.com Social Support Caregiver Burdens Parents Child Cancer Abbasnezhad, M., Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Roshangar, F., Eivazi, J., Azadi, A., & Berahmany, G. (2015). Cancer care burden among primary family caregivers of iranian hematologic cancer patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(13), 5499-5505. ##Ahmadi, M., Rassouli, M., Karami, M., Abasszadeh, A., & Poormansouri, S. (2018). Care burden and its Related Factors in Parents of Children with Cancer. Iran Journal of Nursing, 31(111), 40-51. ##Ahmed, S., Shahid, R.K., & Gesy, K. (2015). Cancer care burden: aiming at the Achilles heel (Vol. 22, pp. 134-138): Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.##Alsubaie, M.M., Stain, H. J., Webster, L.A.D, & Wadman, R. (2019). The role of sources of social support on depression and quality of life for university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 24(4), 484-496. ##Barber, F.D. (2013). Effects of social support on physical activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life in adult cancer survivors and their caregivers. Paper presented at the Oncol Nurs Forum.##Caplan, B., Bogner, J., Brenner, L., Manskow, U.S., Sigurdardottir, S., Røe, C., Elmståhl, S. (2015). Factors affecting caregiver burden 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective nationwide multicenter study. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(6), 411-423. ##Cooper, D.L, Powe, B. D, & Smith, T. (2013). Social support provided by and strain experienced by African-American cancer caregivers. Supportive Care in Cancer, 21(10), 2719-2725. ##Elmståhl, S., Malmberg, Bo., & Annerstedt, L. (1996). Caregiver's burden of patients 3 years after stroke assessed by a novel caregiver burden scale. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 77(2), 177-182. ##Espe-Sherwindt, M., Serrano, A. M. (2020). “I felt alone”: The Importance of Social Support for Early Intervention. Educação, 43(1), e35476-e35476. ##Farajzadeh, A., Akbarfahimi, M., Nedjat, S., Kohan, A., & Saberi, H. (2016). Translation and validation of a caregiver burden scale (CBS) among caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 5(1), 1-12. ##Kahriman, F., Zaybak, A. (2015). Caregiver burden and perceived social support among caregivers of patients with cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention, 16(8), 3313-3317. ##Kearney, J. A, Salley, Ch.G, & Muriel, A.C. (2015). Standards of psychosocial care for parents of children with cancer. Pediatric blood & cancer, 62(S5), S632-S683. ##Khabaz, M., Behjati, Z., & Naseri, M. (2012). Relationship between social support and coping styles and resiliency in adolescents. ##Khademi, F., Rassouli, M., Mojen, Khanali,L., Heidarzadeh, M., Farahani, Shirinabadi,A., & Borumandnia, N. (2019). Caring power of mothers who have a child with cancer and its predictors. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology. ##Leemann, T., Bergstraesser, E., Cignacco, ##E., & Zimmermann, K. (2020). Differing ##needs of mothers and fathers during their ##child’s end-of-life care: secondary analysis ##of the “Paediatric end-of-life care needs”(PELICAN) study. BMC Palliative Care, 19(1), 1-9. ##Lindvall, K., von Mackensen, S., Elmståhl, S., Khair, K., Stain, A. M., Ljung, R., & Berntorp, E. (2014). Increased burden on caregivers of having a child with haemophilia complicated by inhibitors. Pediatric blood & cancer, 61(4), 706-711. ##Lotfi, Kashani,F., Vaziri, S.H., Arjmand, S., Mousavi, S.M., & Hashemieh, M. (2012). Effectiveness of spiritual intervention on reducing distress in mothers of children with cancer. ##Naseri, N., & Taleghani, F. (2018). Social support and depression in Iranian cancer patients: the role of demographic variables. Journal of Caring Sciences, 7(3), 143-147. ##Olai, L., Borgquist, L., & Svärdsudd, K. (2015). Life situations and the care burden for stroke patients and their informal caregivers in a prospective cohort study. Upsala journal of medical sciences, 120(4), 290-298. ##Panganiban,Corales., Avegeille ,T., & Medina, M. F. (2011). Family resources study: part 1: family resources, family function and caregiver strain in childhood cancer. Asia Pacific family medicine, 10(1), 1-11. ##Parsa, N. (2012). Molecular and cellular basis of human cancer. Journal of cell & tissue, 2(4), 365-376. ##Pilcher, J. J., & Bryant, S.A. (2016). Implications of social support as a self-control resource. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 228. ##Pourmovahed, Z., & Roozbeh, B. (2016). Nursing support system for mothers of hospitalized leukemic children: A comparative study. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 6(4), 235-243. ##Robison, L. L, & Hudson, M.M. (2014). Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: life-long risks and responsibilities. Nature Reviews Cancer, 14(1), 61-70. ##Rodríguez-Sánchez, E., Pérez-Peñaranda, A., Losada-Baltar, A., Pérez-Arechaederra, D., Gómez-Marcos, M.Á, Patino-Alonso, M.C., & García-Ortiz, L. (2011). Relationships between quality of life and family function in caregiver. BMC family practice, 12(1), 1-7. ##Santos, S., Crespo, C., Canavarro, M.C., Alderfer, M.A., & Kazak, A.E. (2016). Family rituals, financial burden, and mothers’ adjustment in pediatric cancer. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(8), 1008-1013. ##Sarafino, E.P, & Smith, T.W. (2014). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions: John Wiley & Sons.##Soltani, L., & Khoshnood, Z. (2021). Social Support Needs in Patients with Cancer: A Qualitative Study. Middle East Journal of Cancer, 12(3), 429-438. ##Sullivan, A.B., & Miller, D. (2015). Who is taking care of the caregiver? Journal of patient experience, 2(1), 7-12. ##Tabei, S.Z., Zarei, N., & Joulaei, H. (2016). The impact of spirituality on health. ##Turkoglu, Nihan, & Kilic, Dilek. (2012). Effects of care burdens of caregivers of cancer patients on their quality of life. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13(8), 4141-4145. ##Valizadeh, L., Joonbakhsh, F., & Pashaee, S. (2014). Determinants of care giving burden in parents of child with cancer at Tabriz children medical and training center. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 3. ##Van Schoors, M., De Paepe, A.L., Norga, K., Cosyns, V., Morren, H., Vercruysse, T., Verhofstadt, L.L. (2019). Family members dealing with childhood cancer: a study on the role of family functioning and cancer appraisal. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1405. ##Vaux, A., Phillips, J., Holly, L., Thomson, B., Williams, D., & Stewart, D. (1986). The social support appraisals (SS-A) scale: Studies of reliability and validity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 195. ##Zaybak, A., Güneş, Ü., İsmailoğlu, E.G., & Ülker, E. (2012). The determination of burden care of caregivers for bedridden patients. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 15(1), 48-54. ##Zhang, H., Zhao, Q., Cao, P., & Ren, G. (2017).##Resilience and quality of life: exploring the mediator role of social support in patients with breast cancer. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 23, 5969-5979.## ##

Socio-economic Predisposing Factors of Malnutrition among School Going Children in Bareilly District of North India: A Cross-sectional Study 2 2 Background: Malnutrition remains the ever challenging, public health concern irrespective of age and economic status. Although nutrition is essential irrespective of age but it has peerless role in the school days. The present study was conducted to assess the socio-economic predisposing factors of malnutrition among school children in the Bareilly district of North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Bareilly district of North India. A total of 465 school children were examined for nutritional status and socio-economic factors responsible for malnutrition. Applying multi-stage random sampling technique and pretested, pre-validated schedule was used for data collection which was compiled and analysed with Epi-Info software version 7. Results: The study revealed 40% prevalence of malnutrition among school children. Socio- demographic factors such as gender, caste, type of family and residence were found statistically significant different with nutritional status of child (p<0.05).  However, socio economic factors such as parental education, employment and socio economic conditions were discovered inversely related with malnutrition (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study indicates the necessity to accelerate the government’s coping strategies to win over malnutrition in especially in underserved population of country.   786 793 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/15 1400/8/24 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/7 1401/2/17 Anuj Singh Anuj Singh United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India India kshatriyanuj@gmail.com Ashish Kumar Sharma Ashish Kumar Sharma Varun Arjun Medical College and Rohilkhand Hospital, Banthra, Uttar Pradesh, India India dr.ashishsharma90@gmail.com Amit Kumar Amit Kumar Department of Community Medicine, United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. India Ankit Singhd Ankit Singhd Department of Community Medicine, United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India India ankitbiostat@gmail.com Swati Khan Swati Khan Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA India satiayub@gmail.com Neha Singh Chauhan Neha Singh Chauhan United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA India rubysingh9feb@gmail.com Malnutrition School Children Overweight Underweight Socio-economic Factors Body Mass Index (BMI). Arnold, F. Parasuraman, S. Arokiasamy, P. and Kothari, M. (2009). Nutrition in India. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF Macro. [Online] Available: http://rchiips.org/ nfhs/nutrition_report_for_website_18sep09.pdf.##Bareilly City Population Census. 2011-2021, Uttar Pradesh literacy, sex ratio and density. Available: https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/521-bareilly.html.##Bose K, Biswas S, Bisai S, Ganguli S, Khatun A, Mukhopadhyay A, Bhadra M. (2007). Stunting, underweight and wasting among Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme children aged 3-5 years of Chapra, Nadia District, West Bengal, India. Matern Child Nutr. Jul;3(3):216-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00099.x.##European Commission, Scientific Committee on Food. Guidelines of the Scientific Committee on Food for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. SCF/CS/NUT/UPPLEV/11 Final. 28 November 2000. p.4.##Global Hunger index.(2021). Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings. https://www. globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2021.pdf. ##Gragnolati, M., Shekar, M., Gupta, M.D, Bredenkamp, C. & Lee Y.K. (2005). India’s undernourished children: A call for reform and action. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington DC. https://openknowledge. worldbank.org/handle/10986/13644. ##International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) (2007). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), Fact sheets for 29 States. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences India,Mumbai 2007.http://rchiips.org/nfhs/nfhs3.shtml.##Joshi, H., Singh, H., Chaudhary, V., Upadhyay, ##D., Singh, A. &Katyal, R., (2016). Sociodemographic correlates of nutritional status of under-five children. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research, 7(1), p.44.https://doi/ org/10.4103/0975-9727.174639.##Kshatriya, G.K., &Acharya, S.K. (2016). Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of Undernutrition and the Higher Risk among the Young Women of Indian Tribes. PLoS ONE, 11(7): e0158308. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158308.##Kulkarni, R., Surve, S., Patil, S., Sankhe, L., Gupta, P., & Toteja, G. (2019). Nutritional status of adolescent girls in tribal blocks of Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 44(3), 281. https://www.ijcm.org.in/text.asp? 2019/44/3/281/267355.##Li, Z., Kim, R., Vollmer, S., & Subramanian, S.V. (2020). Factors Associated With Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight in 35 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JAMA Network Open, 3(4):e203386. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jamanetworkopen.2020.3386.##Mathur, P., & Pillai, R. (2019). Over nutrition: Current scenario & combat strategies. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 149(6), 695–705. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1703_18. ##Murarkar, S., Gothankar, J., Doke. P., Pore, P., Lalwani, S., Dhumale, G., ... & Malshe, N. (2020). Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20 (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09642-0.4.##Nguyen, P.H., Scott, S., Headey, D., Singh, N., Tran, L.M., Menon. P., & Ruel, M. T. (2021). The double burden of malnutrition in India: Trends and Inequalities (2006–2016). PLoS ONE, 16(2), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0247856.##Pandey, S., Gaur, A., Singh, A., &Kassere, S. (2019). Impact of child feeding practices on nutritional status of children in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 3(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10. 32553/ ijmbs.v3i3.148.##Raghavendra, R. H. (2020). Literacy and Health Status of Scheduled Castes in India. Contemporary Voice of Dalit. 12 (1), ##pp. 97–110, https://doi/org/ 10.1177/ 2455328X19898449.##Sachdev, Y., & Dasgupta, J. (2001). Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. Medical journal, Armed Forces India, ##57(2), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-1237(01) 80135-0. ##Singh, A., Khan, S., Joshi, H.S., Upadhayay, D., & Katyal, R. (2018). An Epidemiological Study on Malnutrition among Primary School-going Children of Rural Area of Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Advanced & Integrated Medical Sciences. 3(1):8-11. https://doi/org/10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10112##Singh, H., Chaudhary, V., Joshi, H. S., Upadhyay, D., Singh, A., & Katyal, R. (2016). Sociodemographic correlates of nutritional status of under-five children. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research, 7(1),44.https://doi/org/ 10.4103/0975-9727.174639.##Singh, M.B., Lakshminarayana, J., Fotedar, R., & Anand, P.K. (2006). Childhood illnesses and malnutrition in under five children in drought affected desert area of western Rajasthan, India. Journal of Communicable Diseases, 38(1), ##88. ##Singh, S., Srivastava, S., & Upadhyay, A.K. (2019). Socio-economic inequality in malnutrition among children in India: an analysis of 640 districts from National Family Health Survey (2015-16). International Journal for Equity in Health. 18(1), 1-9. https://doi/org/ 10.1186/s12939-019-1093-0.PMID: 31881899; PMCID: PMC6935164.##Striessnig, E.,& Bora, J.K. (2020). Under-Five Child Growth and Nutrition Status: Spatial Clustering of Indian Districts. Spatial Demography, 8(1), 63-84.https://doi.org/10. 1007/s40980-020-00058-3.##United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization. (2012). The World Bank. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC). https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/ 9789240025257.##von Grebmer, K., Bernstein, J., Wiemers, M., Schiffer, T., Hanano, A., Towey, O., ... & Fritschel, H. (2021). Global Hunger index. Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings. https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2021.pdf.##World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Factsheets: Malnutrition. https://www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition. ##World Health Organization. (2006). WHO. Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organizatio.https:// www.who.int/ publications/i/item/924154693X .## ##

Investigating the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Positive Organizational Behavior and Stress of COVID 19 2 2 Background: Leadership style is a specific behavioral pattern that is constantly manifested during organizational work and others recognize that person. This study investigated the relationship between leadership styles and positive organizational behavior and stress of COVID-19 in the staff of Shahrekord Health Centers in 2021. Methods: This research was an applied descriptive correlational study. The sample included 148 people from the staff of Shahrekord health centers in 2021. The participants were selected randomly. The tools used in this research were three questionnaires: Likert leadership style questionnaire, Lutans positive attitude organizational behavior questionnaire, and COVID-19 stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS20 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test. Results: According to the results, the majority of participants were in the age range of 30 to 35 years, the mean score of leadership style was 86.75 that was high. The mean score of positive organizational behavior was 79.23 that was high, and the mean score of stress of COVID19 was 7.23 that was low. The mean score of leadership style in all cases was positively and significantly correlated with the score of positive organizational behavior (r=0.322, P<0.001) and inversely correlated with the score of stress of COVID-19 (r=-0.314, P<0.001).  Also, the mean score of positive organizational behavior was inversely correlated to the score of stress of COVID19 (r=-0.374, P<0.001). Conclusion: Positive organizational behavior was at a high level in the staff of Shahrekord health centers during the Corona pandemic.  The participatory leadership style was more considered, and had a negative relationship with the stress of Covid-19. Therefore, it seems that it will be possible to establish a correct management style and positive organizational behavior by reducing the stress of Covid-19.   794 801 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/15 1400/10/25 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/21 1401/2/31 Mehri Zadeh Hosseini Mehri Zadeh Hosseini Department of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran mehrizadehhosseiny@gmail.com Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Department of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran zohrehkarimian68@gmail.com Leadership organizational COVID-19 stress of COVID-19 Alipour, A., Ghadami, A., Alipour, Z. & Abdollahzadeh, H. (2020). Preliminary validation of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 163-175.##Ameriyon, A., Aghighi, A., & Tofoghi, S. (2014). Assessment of managers’ leadership style in selected military hospital on a Likert leadership styles. J Police Med, 2(4),, 249-254.##Aminbeidokhti, A., Jafari, S., & Moradi Moghadam, M. (2016). Relationship between Organizational Socialization and Teachers’ Work Engagement with Mediating Role of Organizational Identity. Social Capital Management, 3 (4), 563-582.##Asefzadeh, S. (2006). Health Management, Qazvin, Hadith Today.##Bogler, R. (2001). The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction. Educational administration quarterly, 37 (5), 662-683.##Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Aleem, A., Dulebohn, S. C., & Di Napoli, R. (2022). Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls [internet]##Driggin, E., Madhavan, M. V., Bikdeli, B., Chuich, T., Laracy, J., Biondi-Zoccai, G., ... & Parikh, S. A. (2020). Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 75 (18), 2352-2371.##Gomar, M,. & Islambolchi, A,. (2020). Investigating the Role of Positive Organizational Behavior on Commitment Behaviors of Employees with the Mediating Role of Job Self-Empowerment Behaviors in Hamedan Municipality Journal of New research approaches in management and accounting, 5(52), 1-24.##Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1969). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources.##Koh, D., Lim, M. K., Chia, S. E., Ko, S. M., Qian, F., Ng, V., ... & Fones, C. (2005). Risk perception and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on work and personal lives of healthcare Workers in Singapore What can we Learn? Medical care, 676-682.##Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17 (6), 1-9.##Liu, X., Na, R. S., & Bi, Z. Q. (2020). Challenges to prevent and control the outbreak of COVID-19. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, 41(7), 994-997.##Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge (Vol. 198). Oxford: Oxford University Press.##McDaniel, S. H., Bogdewic, S. P., Holloway, R. L., & Hepworth, J. (2009). The architecture of alignment: leadership and the psychological health of faculty. Faculty health in academic medicine . (pp. 55-71). Springer.##Mishra, P., Bhadauria, U. S., Dasar, P. L., Kumar, S., Lalani, A., Sarkar, P., ... & Vyas, S. (2016). Knowledge, attitude and anxiety towards pandemic flua potential bio weapon among health professionals in Indore City. Przegl. Epidemiol. Epidemiol, 70 (1), 41-5.##Monfared, M., Khorakian, A., Shirazi, A., & Maharati, Y. (2019). Identifying of intrapreneurship behaviors: Case of country in transition economy. Modern Applied Science, 13 (5), 1-12.##Rahmanian, M., Mosalanezhad, H., Rahmanian, E., Kalani, N., Hatami, N., Rayat Dost, E., & Abiri, S. (2020). Anxiety and stress of new coronavirus (COVID-19) in medical personnel. Horizons of Medical Education Development, 12, 70-80.##Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 1-7.##Shakfteh, A,. & Khalili, S,. (2020). Prioritizing leadership styles for organizational agility, 5th International Conference on Industries, Mashhad, https://civilica.com/doc/932473.##Triandis, H. C. (1967). The Human Organization: Its Management and Value. JSTOR.##WuandJ, Z., & McGoogan, M. (2020). 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The Moral Development Based on Kohlberg's Theory among Medical Students 2 2 Background: One of the main issues in treating, preserving and promoting the human dignity is caring for patients' satisfaction and preventing harm, maltreatment, or damage to the patient. Therefore, the level of moral development based on Kohlberg's theory was studied among medical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, eligible medical students (N=220) of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were enrolled over a 12-months period. Data were collected by demographic checklist and Kohlberg's ethical evolution questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20, by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and t-tests. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of gender, educational level, marital status, and place of residence for decision-making positions and questions. The mean and standard deviation of the scores related to “questions, priority, decision-making position and degree” showed that the highest mean was obtained in “priority” with 17.9 ± 3.6 and the lowest in “degree” with 1. 9 ± 1.09. The frequency and percentage of similar decision-making were reported in the study participants; the highest score was related to the decision-making in position 3 (Adults death wish) with frequency of 94 and percentage of 41.6% and the lowest score was related to position 5 (Patient at the end stage of disease) with frequency of 8 and percentage of 3.5%. None of the indicators of age, sex, marital status, and the level of admission was not significant in this study and cannot be mentioned as a predicator in the stages of moral evolution. Conclusion: Given the importance of discussing ethics as one of the most important modalities of the human and social sciences and its impressive impact on all aspects of human life, it is clear that applying a scientific approach can determine all aspects of the factors that affect the observance of ethical principles. 802 809 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/17 1400/4/26 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/24 1401/3/3 Reza Bidaki Reza Bidaki 1-Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. 2-Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Iran reza.bidaki111@gmail.com Fatemeh Saghafi Fatemeh Saghafi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Saghafi.fa@gmail.com Mohammad Mansouri Majoumard Mohammad Mansouri Majoumard Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran Iran Iran. mansouri1866@yahoo.com Mahshid Nadershahbaz Mahshid Nadershahbaz Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran mnadershahbaz@yahoo.com Maryam Hadavi Maryam Hadavi Department of Anesthesiology, Paramedical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Iran Hadavimaryam@yahoo.com Mohammad Ali Sajadi Mohammad Ali Sajadi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Iran mohammadalisajadi230@gmail.com Fariba Sepehri Fariba Sepehri Department of Clinical Psychology, Yazd Diabetes Therapy Research Center, Yazd, Iran Iran Sepehri_f66@yahoo.com Hadi Ghazalbash Hadi Ghazalbash Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran ghazalbashhadi@gmail.com Adeleh Sahebnasagh Adeleh Sahebnasagh Department of Surgical Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran. Iran masoomehsahebnasagh@gmail.com Ethics Kohlberg's Ethical Evolution Medical Students Moral Bohm, K. C., Van Heest, T., Gioe, T. J., Agel, J., Johnson, T. C., & Van Heest, A. (2014). Assessment of moral reasoning skills in the orthopaedic surgery resident applicant. JBJS, 96(17), e151. ##Branch, W. T. (2000). Supporting the moral development of medical students. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(7), 503-508. ##Chalmers, P., Dunngalvin, A., & Shorten, G. (2011). Reflective ability and moral reasoning in final year medical students: A semi-qualitative cohort study. Medical Teacher, 33(5), e281-e289. ##Hegazi, I., & Wilson, I. (2013). Medical education and moral segmentation in medical students. Medical education, 47(10), 1022-1028. ##Hren, D., Marušić, M., & Marušić, A. (2011). Regression of moral reasoning during medical education: combined design study to evaluate the effect of clinical study years. PloS one, 6(3), e17406. ##Lin, C.-S., Tsou, K.-I., Cho, S.-L., Hsieh, M.-S., Wu, H.-C., & Lin, C.-H. (2012). Is medical students' moral orientation changeable after preclinical medical education? Journal of medical ethics, 38(3), 168-173. ##Morton, K. R., Worthley, J. S., Testerman, J. K., & Mahoney, M. L. (2007). Defining features of moral sensitivity and moral motivation: Pathways to moral reasoning in medical students. Journal of moral education, 35(3), 387-406. ##Murrell, V. S. (2014). The failure of medical education to develop moral reasoning in medical students. International journal of medical education, 5, 225-219. ##Patenaude, J., Niyonsenga, T., & Fafard, D. (2003). Changes in students' moral development during medical school: a cohort study. Cmaj, 168(7), 840-844. ##Rzymska, I., Rzymski, P., Wilczak, M., Wloszczak-Szubzda, A., Jarosz, M. J., & Musielak, M. (2014). The influence of passive and active moral training on medical university on changes of students' moral competence index-results from randomized single blinded trial. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 21(1),161-166 ##Self, D. J., Olivarez, M., & Baldwin Jr, D. C. (1998). Clarifying the relationship of medical education and moral development. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 73(5), 517-520. ##Self, D. J., Schrader, D., Baldwin Jr, D., & Wolinsky, F. (1993). The moral development of medical students: a pilot study of the possible influence of medical education. Medical education, 27(1), 26-34. ##Self, D. J., Wolinsky, F. D., & Baldwin, D. C. (1989). The effect of teaching medical ethics on medical students' moral reasoning. Academic medicine. 64(12), 755–759 ##Smith, S. R., Balint, J. A., Krause, K. C., Moore-West, M., & Viles, P. H. (1994). Performance-based assessment of moral reasoning and ethical judgment among medical students. Academic medicine, 69(5), 381-386. ##Zirak, M., Moghaddsiyan, S., Abdollahzadeh, F., & Rahmani, A. (2011). Moral development of nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 4(4), 45-55. ##Zirak,M., Moghaddasian, S., Abdolahzadeh, F., & Rahmani, A. (2012). Level of Ethical Development in Nurses Working in Theaching Hospitals Affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 6(3); 32-39.## ##

A Study of Domestic Violence Against Married Women in Afghanistan: Grounded Theory 2 2 Background: Domestic violence against women is currently one of the most important and characteristic forms of violence against human rights, which is associated with negative psychological and physical health consequences. The persistence of domestic violence causes marital incompatibility and has countless consequences for women. The aim of this study was to investigate domestic violence against married women in Bamyan province (Afghanistan).  Method: This research was conducted using the qualitative method and grounded theory. The study population included all women with domestic violence in Bamyan province in 2019. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to achieve theoretical saturation. Those women who were eligible for the study were given in-depth semi-structured interviews, and finally 12 women were selected.  The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin method with three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: In this study, 297 concepts, 31 categories, 15 sub-categories, and 5 main categories including cultural poverty, personality problems and husband’s irresponsibility, panic, women's awakening, and low self-esteem were extracted. Also, all these 5 main categories were represented as a sub-category of "home terrorism". Conclusions: Although women in Bamyan are still victims of domestic violence, increasing women's awareness and education in this field have been able to make women safe to some extent.   810 818 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/6 1400/10/16 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/16 1401/2/26 Hussain Jafari Hussain Jafari Executive Director in the Department of Repairs and Infrastructure of the Afghan Ministry of Education, Kabol, Afghanistan. Afghanistan hussain.jafari510@gmail.com Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi Psychology Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Iran h.zareei@yazd.ac.ir Zahra Naderi Nobandegani Zahra Naderi Nobandegani Psychology Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Iran zahra.naderi@yazd.ac.ir Marriage Domestic Violence Domestic Terrorism Married Women Afghanistan Abbaszadeh, M., Saadati, M., and Kasab Oukar, H. (2010). Domestic violence, a threat to mental health (Sociological study of married women in Tabriz). The Quarterly journal of Social Security Studies, New Volume, 24, 90-61.##Afrouz, R., Crisp, B. R., & Taket, A. (2021). Understandings and perceptions of ##domestic violence among newly arrived Afghan women in Australia. Violence against women,27(14), 2511-2529. https://doi.org/10. 1177%2F1077801220985937.##Ali, T. S., Mogren, I., & Krantz, G. (2013). Intimate partner violence and mental health effects: A population-based study among married women in Karachi, Pakistan. International journal of behavioral medicine, 20(1), 131-139. ##Barratt, E.S. )1993(. Impulsivity: integrating cognitive, behavioral, biological, and environmental data. American Psychological Association, 39-56##Berger, R. P., Bogen, D., Dulani, T., & Broussard, E. (2002). Implementation of a program to teach pediatric residents and faculty about domestic violence. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 156(8), 804-810.##Dahal, M., Khanal, P., Maharjan, S., Panthi, B., & Nepal, S. (2020). Mitigating violence against women and young girls during COVID-19 induced lockdown in Nepal: a wake-up call. Globalization and health, 16(1), 1-3.##Fallah, S; Rostamzad, S and Qelichi Ghojagh, M (2015). Factors Affecting Domestic Violence Against Married Women. Scientific Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 17, 4, 97-91. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper. aspx?id=266595.##Fatemi, M., Davoudi , R., Fesharaki, M., & Gol afshani ,A. (2011). Relationship between life skills and spousal abuse. Social Welfare Research Quarterly, 43, 51-70.##Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. The lancet, 368(9543), 1260-1269.##Gardsbane, D., Bukuluki, P., & Musuya, T. (2021). Help-seeking within the context of patriarchy for domestic violence in urban Uganda. Violence against women,28(1),232-254. https://doi.org/10. 1177%2F1077801220985943.##Ghazanfari, Firoozeh (2010). Factors affecting violence against women in Lorestan province. Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 12, 2, 11-5. https://www.sid.ir/fa/ journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=142331##Netto, G., Pawson, H., & Sharp, C. (2009). Preventing Homelessness Due to Domestic Violence:Providing a Safe Space or Closing the Door to New Possibilities? Social Policy & Administration issn, 43(7), 719–735.##https://yafte.lums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=308&sid=1&slc_lang=fa##Chowdhary, N., & Patel, V. (2008). The effect of spousal violence on women's health: Findings from the Stree Arogya Shodh in Goa, India. Journal of postgraduate medicine, 54(4), 306.##Kiss, L., Schraiber, L. B., Heise, L., Zimmerman, C., Gouveia, N., & Watts, C. (2012). Gender-based violence and socioeconomic inequalities: Does living in more deprived neighbourhoods increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence?. Social science & medicine, 74(8), 1172-1179.##Meseguer-Santamaría, M. L., Sánchez-Alberola, F., & Vargas-Vargas, M. (2021). Intimate partner violence against women with disabilities in Spain: a public health problem. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(2), 728.##Niazi, A (2017). A Study of Women's Interpretation and Perception of Domestic Violence. Fourth National Conference on Research in Educational Sciences, Psychology and Social Sciences, Tehran, Millennium Idea International Campus. https://civilica.com/doc/ 799780/##Polit, D., & Beck, C. (2020). Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.##Ruiz-Pérez, I., Plazaola-Castaño, J., & del ##Río-Lozano, M. (2007). Physical health consequences of intimate partner violence in Spanish women. European Journal of Public Health, 17(5), 437-443. ##Sloan‐Lynch, J. (2012). Domestic abuse as terrorism. Hypatia, 27(4), 774-790.##Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.##Talebpour, A. (2018). Investigating Wife Abuse and It’s Affecting Factors in Urban and Rural Areas of Ardebil Province. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 8(32), 55-74.##Turk, R., Celik, S. S., Çetin, M., & Soydan, G. (2017). Experiences and views of married women about domestic violence. International journal of nursing practice, 23(4), e12543.## ##

Suicidal Thought and Behaviors among Junior and Senior Medical Students 2 2 Background: Youth suicide is a major public health concern. Suicide statistics show an increase in the suicide rates among young students including medical students. To explore self-harming behavior among medical students at Yazd Azad University. Methods: Suicidal ideation in medical students studying at Yazd Azad University was explored within a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 students. For comparison purposes, the sample was divided into two groups of seniors (student intake from 2013/14), and juniors (student intake from 2017/18). Beck Suicide scale was used to measure suicidal behavior. Results: We found 16% of the participants exhibited suicidal ideation, of whom 87.5% demonstrated a low desire to commit suicide and 12.5% had a strong desire to commit suicide. In this data set, the relationship between “suicidal ideation” and “gender, marital status and grade” appeared statistically significant. Conclusion: To protect against suicide and reverse the rising trend, preventive strategies must focus on supporting students to feel comfortable in talking about their suicidal thoughts.   819 825 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/62021/08/18 1400/5/27 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/162022/05/7 1401/2/17 Fatemeh Fallah Tafti Fatemeh Fallah Tafti Department of Medical Science, Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran. Iran f.fallahtafti@gmail.com Hamid Owliaei Hamid Owliaei Forensic Medicine Department, Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran. Iran hamid.owliaey@gmail.com Reza Bidaki Reza Bidaki Psychiatry Department, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd, Iran. Iran Reza_Bidaki@yahoo.com Naser Dashti Naser Dashti Psychiatry Department, Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran. Iran ndashti1346@gmail.com Suicidal Ideation Medical students Beck Suicide Thought questionnaire Harmful Behavior Alaghehbandan, R., Lari, A. R., Joghataei, M.T., Islami, A., & Motavalian, A. (2011). A prospective population-based study of suicidal behavior by burns in the province of Ilam, Iran, burns, 37 (1), 16 4–169.##Amini-Tehrani, M., Nasiri, M., Jalali, T., Sadeghi, R., Ghotbi, A., Zamanian, H . (2020). Validation and psychometric properties of Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) in Iran. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 101856-101879.##Chang, H.B., Munroe, S., Gray, K., Porta, G., Douaihy, A., … & Melhem, N.M. (2019). The role of substance use, smoking, and inflammation in risk for suicidal behavior. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 33-41. ##Etzersdorfer, E., Vijayakumar, L., Schony, W., Grausgruber, A., & Sonneck, G. (1998). Attitudes towards suicide among medical students: comparison between Madras (India) and Vienna (Austria). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33 (3), 104-110.##Farahangiz, S., Mohebpour, F., & Salehi, A. (2016). Assessment of mental health among Iranian Medical Students: A cross-sectional study, International journal of health Sciences, 10(1), 49, 1-7.##Gunnell, D., Caul, S., Appleby, L., John, A., & Hawton, K. (2020). The incidence of suicide in University students in England and Wales 2000/2001–2016/2017: Record linkage study, Journal of Affective Disorders, 261, 113-120.##Hjelmeland, H., Dieserud, G., Dyregrov, K., Knizek, B. L., & Leenaars, A. A. (2012). Psychological autopsy studies as diagnostic tools: are they methodologically flawed? death studies, 36(7), 605-626.##Jeon, H.J., Roh, M.S., Kim K.H., Lee, J.R., Lee, D., Yoon S.C., & Hahm, B.J. (2009). Early trauma and lifetime suicidal behavior in a nationwide sample of Korean medical students, Journal of Affective Disorders, 119(1-3), 210–214.##Kumar, U. (Ed.). (2017). Handbook of Suicidal Behaviour, Springer.##Liu, Y., & Lee, R.B. (2013). Prevalence and associated factors of suicide ideation among university students: evidence from large-scale survey, Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 13 (2), 79-86.##Mousavi, S. G., Keramatian, K., Maracy, M.R., & Fouladi, M. (2012). Suicidal ideation, depression, and aggression among students of three Universities of Isfahan, Iran in 2008. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 6 (1), 47-52.##Najafi, F., Beiki, O., Ahmadijouybari, T., Amini, S., Moradinazar, M., Hatemi, M., & Moradi, M. (2014). An assessment of suicide attempts by self-poisoning in the west of Iran, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 27, 1-5. ##Pritchard, C., Iqbal, W., & Dray, R. (2020). Undetermined and accidental mortality rates as possible sources of underreported suicides: population-based study comparing Islamic countries and traditionally religious Western countries BJPsych open, 6(4).##Pridmore, S. A. X. B. Y. & Rostami, R. (2020). Suicidal behaviour disorder: a bad idea. In S. Shahtahmasebi & H. Omar (Eds.), The Broader View of Suicide. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2, 265-279.##Schweitzer, R., Klayich, M., & McLean, J. (1995). Suicidal ideation and behaviours among university students in Australia, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 29 (3), 473-479.##Shahtahmasebi, S. (2013). De-politicizing youth suicide prevention. Front. Pediatr, 1,8.##Shahtahmasebi, S. (2015). Suicide Research: Problems with Interpreting Results. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 5(9), 1147-1157. ##Solano, P., Aguglia, A., Caprino, M., Conigliaro, C., Giacomini, G., Serafini, G., & Amore, M. (2019). The personal experience of severe suicidal behaviour leads to negative attitudes towards self- and other's suicidal thoughts and behaviours: A study of temperaments, coping strategies, and attitudes towards suicide among medical students, Psychiatry Research, 272, 669–675.##Tyssen, R., Vaglum, P., Gronvold, N.T., & Ekeberg, O. (2001). Suicidal ideation among medical students and young physicians: a nationwide and prospective study of prevalence and predictors, Journal of Affective Disorders, 64 (1), 69–79.##Van Harmelen, A.L., Schmaal, L., & Blumberg, H.P. (2019). Journal of Affective Disorders Special Issue on Suicide-Related Research: Hopeful progress but much research urgently needed, Journal of Affective Disorders, 251, 39-41. ##World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing Suicide, A global imperative. World Health Organization.## ##

Effect of Disease Education on Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Mothers towards Typhoid Prevention in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria 2 2  Background: Typhoid fever is a disease is most predominant with great mortality among children of under five years of age especially in low and middle income countries where poor sanitation and poor hygiene lead to transmission of the disease. This study is focused on determining the effects of disease education on knowledge and attitude towards typhoid prevention among nursing mothers in Akinyele Local Government area of Oyo state. Methods: The research design for this study was pretest-protest control group, quasi-experimental research design using 2×2 factorial matrix.  The study used factorial matrix design based on the fact that the study involved the use of independent variables at two levels; treatment and control. Moderating variable of educational background at two levels (none formal education and formal education), multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select participants of two hundred (200) registered nursing mothers as sample. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection with reliability value of 0.72. the inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. Result: The result from the study revealed that there was significant main effect of treatment on knowledge and attitude of nursing mothers towards typhoid prevention among nursingnmothers  in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State with (F(1/170) = 12.82, p <.05, ɳ2 = 0.07). (F(1/170) = 271.99, p <.05, ɳ2= 0.62) respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that disease education was very effective and has positive influence in improving the knowledge and attitude of nursing mothers towards typhoid prevention in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State., Recommendation was made that there is need for massive health education campaign to educate the  nursing mothers and generality of the populace by governmental and non-governmental agencies to correct the wrong perception they have about malaria and typhoid fever for effective prevention, treatment and control of the diseases.   826 834 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/62021/08/182022/04/21 1401/2/1 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/162022/05/72022/05/30 1401/3/9 S Aderemi Famuyiwa S Aderemi Famuyiwa Department of Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigeria famrem01@gmail.com F Moses Ogundokun F Moses Ogundokun Department of Counselling and Human Development Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigeria femtopng@gmail.com S Dusin Oloruntegbe S Dusin Oloruntegbe Department of Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigeria tegbedusin@gmail.com Disease education Hygiene behavior Typhoid fever Typhoid prevention Alba, S., Bakker, M. I.., Hatta, M., Scheelbeek, P. F D., Dwiyant, R., and Usman, R. (2016). Risk factors of typhoid infection in the Indonesian Archipelago. Plos One journal, 11,(6), 203 -217##Akinyemi, K.O., Smith, S.I., Oyefolu, A.O., and Coker A.O. (2005). Multidrug resistance in Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever complications in Lagos Nigeria., Public Health Journal of health, population and nutrition. 25, (3), 351-358 ##Akullian, A., Ng’eno, E., Matheson, A., Cosmas, L., Macharia, D., and Fields, B. (2015).##Environmental transmission of typhoid fever in an Urban Slum. Plos Neglected Tropical Journal 9, (12), 1-14. ##Asmaa M. Mohamed, Ahmed M. El-Hany, Safaa, A. M,. and Asmaa K. H, (2020). Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude For patients and their Care Givers Regarding to Typhoid Disease in Outpatient Clinics in Fever Hospitals at Assiut Governorate. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal, 8, (1), 156-166.##Balwani, C. M., Wai, H., and Letcher, M. M., (2019) Associations Between Health ##Education, Hygiene Facilities, Handwashing Knowledge and Practice Related to Diarrheal Disease Prevention among Schoolchildren after Typhoid Outbreak in Rumphi District, Malawi: A Cross Sectional Survey. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 16, (5),1-10##Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018). Typhoid fever information for health professionals archived from the original ;05-25 ##Crump, J.A., Luby, S.P. and Mintz, E. D., (2004). The global burden of typhoid fever. ##World Health Organization 82,346-53 ##Dewan, A. M., Corner, R., Hashizume, M., and Ongee, E. T. (2013). Typhoid fever and its association with environmental factors in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh: a spatial and time-series approach. Plos Neglected Tropical Typhoid Diseases, 7,(1), 1-14.##Farouk, M. and Mervat, E. I. (2021). Effect of Educational Program on Improving Mothers' Performance towards Children with Typhoid Fever at Zagazig City Samia International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing 8, (2),151-168 ‘##Enabuele, O. & Awnor, S. N. (2016). Typhoid fever in tertiary hospital in Nigeria: Another look at the widal agglutination test as a preferred option for diagnosis. Nigerian Medical Journal, 57, 145-149.##Jegede, K.B., (2018) Evaluation of the impact of a school based health education program on caregivers’ knowledge, attitude and practices of malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Unpublished Thesis, University of Tampere School of Health Sciences.##Jung-Seok, L., Mogasale, V. V., and Kangsung,, L. (2016).Geographical distribution of typhoid risk factors in low and middle income countries. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16,1-10. ##Miriam, S. (2005). Family Health Guide. A Darling Kindersley Ltd, London, United Kingdom.##Nahimana, MR, Ngoc, C.T., Olu, O., Nyamusore, J., Isiaka, A. and Ndahindwa V,##(2017). Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation in a Burundian refugee camp: Implications for control of a Salmonella typhi outbreak. Pan African Med Journal. 28, (1), 123-134##Nguri, K., (2011). Risk factors influencing typhoid fever occurrence among the adults in maina ##slum, nyahururu municipality, kenya. Umpublished Master of public health thesis. School of Health Sciences of Kenyatta University. ##Ogundele, B.O. (2004). Problems in Health Education .University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Published by Codat publication, UI P.O. BOX 2400. ISBN: 978-196-094-9.##Okore, O.O., Ubiaru, P..C., and Nwaogwugwu, U.G. (2015)..Prevalence of Malaria and Typhoid fever co-infection: Knowledge, Attitude and Management practices among residents of Obuda-aba, Abia state, Nigeria. American Journal of Public Health Research. 3,(4), 162-166.##Puchalski, R.L.M., Van-Lettow, M, Makwakwa, A., Chan, .A K., Hamid, J.S,, Kawonga, H., Martiniuk, A.L, Schull, M.J., Van Schoor, V., Zwarenstein, M., Barnsley, J. and Straus., S.E (2016). The impact of a knowledge translation intervention employing educational outreach and a point-of-care reminder tool vs standard lay health worker training on tuberculosis treatment completion rates: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials Journal.,17,(1), 439. ##Raluca, B., Daina, A., Amruta, R., Michelle, F. G., Zulfiqar, A. B.. and Melanie, B. (2018) Implementation of Interventions for the Control of Typhoid Fever in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Am J Trop Med Hygiene. 99, (3),79–88. ##Sima, D., (2020). Knowledge Regarding Typhoid Fever among Mothers of Under 5 Children in Selected Community of Bhaktapur, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5,(1), 505-522.##Wain, J., Hendriksen, R.S., Mikoleit, M.L., Keddy, K. H., Ochiai,,R. L. (2015). Typhoid fever. Lancet (London, England), 38,(9973),1136-1145.##Water Aid Uganda, (2003).A report on school sanitation and hygiene education workshop.##World Health Organization, (WHO) 2008. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 83,(6),49-59.## ##

Effectiveness of Life Skills Training in Reducing Neurosis Symptoms in Women 2 2 Background: Neurotic people have intense and continuous emotional sensitivity to others and avoid expressing their feelings. Because of the low level of ego power, they are easily overcome by their emotions and are unable to adapt their behavior to various situations. Training the life skills improves psycho-social abilities which can empower individuals to deal with conflicts and contradictions of life. Methods: This study determined the effectiveness of training programs of life skills to reduce the symptoms of neurosis in married women living in deprived areas of Isfahan, in 2017. To achieve this end, a clinical trial was conducted using pretest-posttest and control group. Among all married women living in deprived areas of Isfahan, 40 individuals who acquired the highest scores in assessment of neurosis by NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory-short Form were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (20 people per group). Life skill training was performed for experimental group for 8 sessions, one session per week, each session lasting 2 hours. Data were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics (Mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Analysis of covariance). Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that life skill training program significantly reduced the symptoms of neurosis among women (P<0.005). Such a change was not seen in women in the control group. Conclusions: Findings of the study reflect the efficacy of life skills training on diminishing neurosis symptoms in women.   835 842 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/62021/08/182022/04/212021/04/25 1400/2/5 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/162022/05/72022/05/302022/05/20 1401/2/30 Maryam Safara Maryam Safara Department of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Iran safara_maryam@yahoo.com Zahra Saeedi Zahra Saeedi Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran Iran counselorcareer91@yahoo.com Pooya Jafari Doudaran Pooya Jafari Doudaran Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Iran Life skills neurosis women Alba, S., Bakker, M. I.., Hatta, M., Scheelbeek, P. F D., Dwiyant, R., and Usman, R. (2016). Risk factors of typhoid infection in the Indonesian Archipelago. Plos One journal, 11,(6), 203 -217##Akinyemi, K.O., Smith, S.I., Oyefolu, A.O., and Coker A.O. (2005). Multidrug resistance in Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever complications in Lagos Nigeria., Public Health Journal of health, population and nutrition. 25, (3), 351-358 ##Akullian, A., Ng’eno, E., Matheson, A., Cosmas, L., Macharia, D., and Fields, B. (2015).##Environmental transmission of typhoid fever in an Urban Slum. Plos Neglected Tropical Journal 9, (12), 1-14. ##Asmaa M. Mohamed, Ahmed M. El-Hany, Safaa, A. M,. and Asmaa K. H, (2020). Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude For patients and their Care Givers Regarding to Typhoid Disease in Outpatient Clinics in Fever Hospitals at Assiut Governorate. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal, 8, (1), 156-166.##Balwani, C. M., Wai, H., and Letcher, M. M., (2019) Associations Between Health ##Education, Hygiene Facilities, Handwashing Knowledge and Practice Related to Diarrheal Disease Prevention among Schoolchildren after Typhoid Outbreak in Rumphi District, Malawi: A Cross Sectional Survey. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 16, (5),1-10##Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018). Typhoid fever information for health professionals archived from the original ;05-25 ##Crump, J.A., Luby, S.P. and Mintz, E. D., (2004). The global burden of typhoid fever. ##World Health Organization 82,346-53 ##Dewan, A. M., Corner, R., Hashizume, M., and Ongee, E. T. (2013). Typhoid fever and its association with environmental factors in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh: a spatial and time-series approach. Plos Neglected Tropical Typhoid Diseases, 7,(1), 1-14.##Farouk, M. and Mervat, E. I. (2021). Effect of Educational Program on Improving Mothers' Performance towards Children with Typhoid Fever at Zagazig City Samia International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing 8, (2),151-168 ‘##Enabuele, O. & Awnor, S. N. (2016). Typhoid fever in tertiary hospital in Nigeria: Another look at the widal agglutination test as a preferred option for diagnosis. Nigerian Medical Journal, 57, 145-149.##Jegede, K.B., (2018) Evaluation of the impact of a school based health education program on caregivers’ knowledge, attitude and practices of malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Unpublished Thesis, University of Tampere School of Health Sciences.##Jung-Seok, L., Mogasale, V. V., and Kangsung,, L. (2016).Geographical distribution of typhoid risk factors in low and middle income countries. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16,1-10. ##Miriam, S. (2005). Family Health Guide. A Darling Kindersley Ltd, London, United Kingdom.##Nahimana, MR, Ngoc, C.T., Olu, O., Nyamusore, J., Isiaka, A. and Ndahindwa V,##(2017). Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation in a Burundian refugee camp: Implications for control of a Salmonella typhi outbreak. Pan African Med Journal. 28, (1), 123-134##Nguri, K., (2011). Risk factors influencing typhoid fever occurrence among the adults in maina slum, nyahururu municipality, kenya. Umpublished Master of public health thesis. School of Health Sciences of Kenyatta University. ##Ogundele, B.O. (2004). Problems in Health Education .University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Published by Codat publication, UI P.O. BOX ##2400. ISBN: 978-196-094-9.##Okore, O.O., Ubiaru, P..C., and Nwaogwugwu, U.G. (2015)..Prevalence of Malaria and Typhoid fever co-infection: Knowledge, Attitude and Management practices among residents of Obuda-aba, Abia state, Nigeria. American Journal of Public Health Research. 3,(4), 162-166.##Puchalski, R.L.M., Van-Lettow, M, Makwakwa, A., Chan, .A K., Hamid, J.S,, Kawonga, H., Martiniuk, A.L, Schull, M.J., Van Schoor, V., Zwarenstein, M., Barnsley, J. and Straus., S.E (2016). The impact of a knowledge translation intervention employing educational outreach and a point-of-care reminder tool vs standard lay health worker training on tuberculosis treatment completion rates: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials Journal.,17,(1), 439. ##Raluca, B., Daina, A., Amruta, R., Michelle, F. G., Zulfiqar, A. B.. and Melanie, B. (2018) Implementation of Interventions for the Control of Typhoid Fever in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Am J Trop Med Hygiene. 99, (3),79–88. ##Sima, D., (2020). Knowledge Regarding Typhoid Fever among Mothers of Under 5 Children in Selected Community of Bhaktapur, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5,(1), 505-522.##Wain, J., Hendriksen, R.S., Mikoleit, M.L., Keddy, K. H., Ochiai,,R. L. (2015). Typhoid fever. Lancet (London, England), 38,(9973),1136-1145.##Water Aid Uganda, (2003).A report on school sanitation and hygiene education workshop.##World Health Organization, (WHO) 2008. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 83,(6),49-59.## ##

Investigating the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and talent management with organizational performance 2 2 Background: The capacity to absorb knowledge and manage organizational talent and performance is important to the survival of organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and talent management with the performance of the organization. Methods: This applied research used the causal design. The statistical population and sample size were 500 and 217 nurses, respectively.  Three standard questionnaires were used to collect data.  The knowledge absorption capacity questionnaire had Cronbach's alpha 0.705 and included 19 items. Moreover, the organizational innovation variable of the Atlay and Akif questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.795 and 18 items, Hersi and Goldsmith with Cronbach's alpha of 0.762 with 42 items, and Phillips and Rapper with 28 items were used for the talent management component. Data were imported to SPSS20 and analyzed using PLS Descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of participants was 24.3±4.5.3 years, 52.54% of nurses were male and 42.46% were female. Also, 61.75% of nurses had a bachelor's degree and 38.15% had an MSc degree. Mean±SD of knowledge acquisition capacity was 17.56±4.63, that of talent management was 17397±4.87, that of organizational innovation was 18.22±4.65. and that of organizational performance was 18.39±4.95. Knowledge acquisition capacity, and talent management had a significant relationship with innovation and organizational performance (1.96<2.57, 3.8, 5.41 and 2.63), and organizational innovation was also correlated with organizational performance (1.96<2.94). According to the results of the Sobel test, the capacity to absorb knowledge and talent management was related to organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational innovation (1.96<2.45 and 3.21). Conclusion: Given the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and talent management with organizational performance, managers should be able to effectively improve the capacity to absorb knowledge and spread it throughout the organization.   843 852 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/62021/08/182022/04/212021/04/252022/01/5 1400/10/15 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/162022/05/72022/05/302022/05/202022/05/21 1401/2/31 Monika Motaghi Monika Motaghi Department of Health , Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran monika3005@yahoo.co.uk Ali Asghar Heidary Ali Asghar Heidary Department of Health , Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Iran monika3005@yahoo.co.uk Lida Gholizadeh Lida Gholizadeh Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. Iran Capacity talent Organizational innovation Administration. Ahmadi, A. A., Farahani, A., Bahmanichobasti, A., & Shahbazi, M. (2012). The role of social capital on improving talent management in the physical education organization. Journal of Sports Management Studies, 13(9): 237-260.##Allameh, S. M., Askary, N., & Khazaei Pool, J. (2016). The effect of organizational culture on organizational performance: Emphasis on the role of knowledge sharing and organizational agility with a balanced scorecard approach. Organizational Culture Management, 14(2), 453-474.##Alizadeh, M., Noori, A., & Bagher Seyed Ahmadi, S. (2017). Effectiveness Process of talent management on motivation. Journal of NAJA Human resources. 8(48), 9-36.##Asadi, S., Dargahi, H., Fallahi Mehrabadi, E., & Heidary Dastjerdi, N. (2018). The Relationship between organizational innovation and creativity among the staff of Tehran University of Medical Science general hospitals. Journal of Payavard Salamat. 11(5), 578-587. ##Asadi, H., Ghanbarpoor, A., Ghorbani, M.H., & Doosti, M. (2009). The Relationship between Organizational Learning and Performance among Experts of Physical Education Organization of Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Sport Management, 1(1), 237-247##Croteau, A.M., & Bergeron, F. (2001). An information technology trilogy: business strategy, technological deployment and organizational performance. The journal of strategic information systems, 10(2), 77-99.##Cruz-Ros, S., Guerrero-Sánchez, D. L., & Miquel-Romero, M. J. (2018). Absorptive capacity and its impact on innovation and performance: findings from SEM and fsQCA, Review of Managerial Science https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11846-018-0319-7.##Dehghan Najm, M., (2009). Knowledge Management and its role in organizational innovation. Journal of Automotive Engineering and Related Industries, 1(18), 8-22.##Fathi, F., Roozbehani, M., Farahmand, F., & Baharak, K. (2017). Designing a communication model of talent management, innovation and knowledge sharing in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports, (41), 113-123.##García-Sánchez, E., García-Morales, V. J., & Martín-Rojas, R. (2018). Influence of Technological Assets on Organizational Performance through Absorptive Capacity, Organizational Innovation and Internal Labour Flexibility, Sustainability. 10(3), 770.##Glaister, A. J., Karacay, G., Demirbag, M., & Tatoglu, E. (2018). Human resorce management and performance the role of talent management as a transmission mechanism in an emerging market context. Journale of human resource management, 28(1), 148-166.##Hong, J., Zheng, R., Deng, H., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Green supply chain collaborative innovation, absorptive capacity and innovation performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 24 (2), 110-115.##Khaloundi, F., & Abbaspour, A., (2014). In Search of a Strategic Model of Talent Management. Journal of Management and Human Resources in the Oil Industry, 6(21), 133-172.##Liu, X., Zhao, H., & Zhao, X. (2018). Absorptive capacity and business performance: The mediating effects of innovation and mass customization. Journal of industrial management and data systems. 118(9), 1787-1803.##Medase, k., & Barasa, l. (2019). Absorptive capacity, marketing capabilities, and innovation commercialisation in Nigeria. European Journal of Innovation Management. 22(5), 578-590.##McDonnell, A., Collings, D.G., Mellahi ,K., & Schuler, R. (2017). Talent management: a systematic review and future prospects. European Journal of international Management. 11(1), 86-128.##Moradi, M., Valipoor, M., Yakide, K., Safardoost, A., & Abdolahian, F. (2013) . Investigating the role of knowledge acquisition capacity on innovative performance of organizations; Case study: Pharmaceutical companies and insurance companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange .Journal of Business Management Perspective. 46(13): 79-102.##Molaei, A., Yazdani, N., & Kazemi, F. (2020). The impact of organizational innovation on export performance through the mediating role of radical and widespread technical innovation. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 20(4), 80-92.##Olaka, l.O.M., Okafor, l.C., & Ulo, F. U. (2018). Talent Management and Innovation in Indigenous Hotels in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM). 20(3), 31-40.##Salau, O., Osibanjo, A., Adeniji, A., Oludayo, O., Falola, H., Igbinoba, E., & Ogueyungbo, O. (2018). Data regarding talent management practices and innovation performance of academic staff in a technology-driven private university, 19, 48-78. Sanchez, E., Morales, V., Rojas, R. (2018). Influence of Technological Assets on Organizational Performance through Absorptive Capacity, Organizational Innovation and Internal Labour Flexibility, Sustainability. 10, 770.##Sayadi, S., Mohammadi, M., & Nikpour, A. (2011). Talent management, a key concept in the field of organization, work and society, 135, 81-86.##Sehat, S., Mazloomi, N., & Fakhimi Mohammadpour, H. (2015). The Relationship between Organizational Innovation and Competitive Advantage in Insurance Companies, Insurance Research Journal, 30(2), 1-34.##Seyed Ameri, M., Abbasi, H., Jamshidi, A. (2020). The effect of absorption capacity and creativity on the innovative behavior of experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. Journal of Sports Management, 7(11), 521-546.## ##

Identifying Concern and Stress of Parents, Students and Teachers with the Social Distance Planning Process and Reopening of Schools during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study 2 2 Background: With the closure of schools as a result of the social distancing plan, the negative emotions that individuals experience became complicated. Therefore, the present study provided a deep understanding of the concerns and stresses of parents, students, and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This directed qualitative content analysis was conducted in 2020. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers (n=28), students (n=20), and their parents (n=32) in Tuiserkan County. Sampling was performed by purposeful sampling method with the maximum variation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data, collected by content analysis method. Results: In general, 90% of participants were stressed and concerned about the social distancing plan and the reopening of schools during Covid-19 pandemic. During data analysis, 74 primary codes, 13 sub-themes and 4 themes were obtained. The themes included predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), reinforcing factors, enabling factors, and quality of life. Conclusion: Identifying and explaining the concerns and stress of parents, students and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemic will help policy-makers and administrators for planning and interventions related to this. Background: With the closure of schools as a result of the social distancing plan, the negative emotions that individuals experience became complicated. Therefore, the present study provided a deep understanding of the concerns and stresses of parents, students, and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This directed qualitative content analysis was conducted in 2020. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers (n=28), students (n=20), and their parents (n=32) in Tuiserkan County. Sampling was performed by purposeful sampling method with the maximum variation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data, collected by content analysis method. Results: In general, 90% of participants were stressed and concerned about the social distancing plan and the reopening of schools during Covid-19 pandemic. During data analysis, 74 primary codes, 13 sub-themes and 4 themes were obtained. The themes included predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), reinforcing factors, enabling factors, and quality of life. Conclusion: Identifying and explaining the concerns and stress of parents, students and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemic will help policy-makers and administrators for planning and interventions related to this.   853 863 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/62021/08/182022/04/212021/04/252022/01/52022/04/7 1401/1/18 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/162022/05/72022/05/302022/05/202022/05/212022/05/30 1401/3/9 Saeed Bashirian Saeed Bashirian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Iran bashirian@yahoo.com Majid Barati Majid Barati Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Iran pa@yahoo.com Maryam Afshari Maryam Afshari Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Iran afshari_m20@yahoo.com Seyede Somaye Mirmoini Seyede Somaye Mirmoini Occupational Health, Health Center of Tuiserkan, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Iran mirmoeini@yahoo.com Javad Zavar Chahar Tagh Javad Zavar Chahar Tagh Public Health, Health Center of Tuiserkan, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Iran nargestavakoli64@gmail.com Stress Parents Students School teachers Covid-19 Ahmadi Abhari, S.A. (1996). The Role of Faith and Religious Beliefs in Healing Physical and Emotional Disorders. IJPCP, 2(4):1-8. ##Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 Outbreak: Crucial Role the Psychiatrists Can Play. Asian J Psychiatr, 50: 102014.##Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S,, Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224):e37-e8.##Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., Brooks, H.L., & Yuan, J. (2019). Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology. 26th Editon. McGraw-Hill Education.##Chen. N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., & et al. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223):507-13.##Dar, K.A., Iqbal, N., & Mushtaq, A. (2017). Intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and anxiety: Examining the indirect and moderating effects of worry. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 29:129-33.##Hawryluck, L., Gold, W.L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., & Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10 (7):1206.##Hall, R.C., Hall, R.C., & Chapman, M.J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General hospital psychiatry, 30(5):446-52.##Horton, R. (2020). Offline: 2019-nCoV—“A desperate plea”. The Lancet, 395(10222):400.##Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., & et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223):497-506.##Gentili, D., Bardin, A., Ros, E., Piovesan, C., Ramigni, M., Dalmanzio, M., & et al. (2020). Impact of Communication Measures Implemented During a School Tuberculosis Outbreak on Risk Perception among Parents and School Staff, Italy, 2019. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3): 911.##Ghasemi, M., Keshtegar, A., & Mohammadzadeh, Z. (2020). Good Governance and Public Value Management in the Face of COVID-19. Manage Strat Health Syst, 5(1):3-6.##Graneheim, U.H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today, 24(2):105-12.##Guba, E.G., & Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(163-194):105.##Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6):42.##Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., & et al. (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet, 395(10224):565-74.##Mahase, E. (2020). China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200. BMJ, 368:m408.##Nishiura, H., Jung, S.M., Linton, N.M., Kinoshita, R., Yang, Y., Hayashi, K., & et al. (2020). The extent of transmission of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 9(2):330.##Official website of the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (2020). Social Distancing Plan in Iran. 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The Effectiveness of Solution-oriented Group Teaching on the Increase of Resiliency in Orphan Female Adolescents 2 2 Background: The absence of one of the parents can bring about major problems in adolescents’ psychological conditions. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of solution-oriented group consultation on the increase of resiliency in orphan (fatherless) female adolescents in the city of Isfahan. Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, post-test, follow-up and control group research design. The statistical population of the study included all orphan (fatherless) female students in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2014-2015. Convenient sampling method was used to select the samples; hence, 40 female adolescents were selected as the sample size and were assigned into two groups of 20. eight ninety-minute therapeutic interventions (solution-oriented approach) was administered on the experimental group once a week. The control group, however, did not receive any teaching. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used as the study instrument. And the collected data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA via SPSS23 software. Results: The results of the study showed the solution-oriented group teaching being effective on the resiliency of orphan adolescents at the post-stage and follow-up stages (p<0.001). Conclusion: Predicated on the findings of the present study, the solution-oriented teaching method can be applied to increase orphan (fatherless) female adolescents’ resiliency.   864 873 2022/01/22021/11/92021/11/152022/01/152021/07/172022/01/62021/08/182022/04/212021/04/252022/01/52022/04/72021/04/6 1400/1/17 2022/05/172022/05/72022/05/72022/05/212022/05/242022/05/162022/05/72022/05/302022/05/202022/05/212022/05/302022/05/21 1401/2/31 Maryam Adibi Maryam Adibi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Khomeini Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Shahr, Iran. Iran Maryamadibi3278@gmail.com Yousef Gorgi Yousef Gorgi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Khomeini Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Shahr, Iran. Iran yousefgorgis@yahoo.com Solution-oriented Resilience Adolescent Child Orphaned Ayyash-Abdo, H., Sanchez-Ruiz, M., Barbari, M.L. (2016). 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