@article{ 
author = {OppongPeprah, Emmanuel},  
title = {Abusive Behavior in the Workplace}, 
abstract ={This article has no abstract.},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {436-439}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2821},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Heshmati, Rasoul and Salem, Monayeh and JafariFazel, Razieh},  
title = {A Comparison among Emotional Memory, Emotional Styles, and Anxiety Sensitivity between Individuals with Substance Use Disorder and not Addicted People}, 
abstract ={Background: Emotions play an important role in the tendency to abuse substances but the roles of emotional memory, emotional styles, and anxiety sensitivity in addiction have not been clarified in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to study the emotional memory, emotional styles, and anxiety sensitivity among individuals with substance use disorder. Methods: In a prospective study, 30 patients with substance use disorder and 30 normal participants were selected by convenience sampling method from addicts who were hospitalized and outpatients who were admitted to addiction treatment camps of Ahar City. The emotional memory (verbal) test, the emotional styles questionnaire, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index- Revised (ASI-R) were used for data collection. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the levels of emotional memory (verbal positive, negative, and neutral) and the components of emotional styles (concealing, adjusting, and tolerating) among addicted and normal individuals. However, in anxiety sensitivity, the differences between addicted and normal individuals are not significant. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that emotional memory and emotional styles can be influential factors in the tendency toward substance use.  },  
Keywords = {Emotional memory, Anxiety, Substance use disorder},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {440-449}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = { 10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2822},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amani, Malahat and Mansuri, Mahboobe},  
title = {The Relationship of Risk Perceptions and Risk-Taking with Humor Styles: Mediating Role of Self-Control}, 
abstract ={Background: Humor, as a form of social risk-taking is observed more frequently among individuals with risky behaviors. It seems that self-control is related to risky behaviors and humor styles. Based on the recommendations of past studies, the present study was conducted to investigate whether self-controlmediates the relationship between risk perception and risk-taking with humor styles. Methods: The statistical population included students of Bojnord University in the academic year of 2019. A sample of 380 students was selected by stratified random sampling. They completed the humor style questionnaire, self-control questionnaire, and domain-specific risk-taking scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 and the tests of correlation and path analysis. Results: The results showed that adaptive humor styles were not significantly related to self-control and risk-taking; only the affiliative humor style had a negative correlation with risk perceptions. Maladaptive humor styles correlated significantly with self-control and risk-taking; only an aggressive humor style was related to positive risk perceptions. Path analysis showed that self-control affected the aggressive humor style (β = -.45, p < .0001) and self-defeating style (β = -.23, p < .0001), risk perception had a direct effect on aggressive humor style (β = .10, p < .012), and risk-taking affected the aggressive humor (β = -.19, p < .0001) and self-defeating (β = -.11, p < .016). Also, risk-taking through self-control affected aggressive humor style and self-defeating humor style significantly. The results of the goodness of fit in the modified model showed that the value of χ2, GFI, AGFI, CFI, and RMSEA were.13, 1, .99, 1, and .0001, respectively and all these indices were at an acceptable level. Conclusion: Individuals with high self-control take more risk and use less maladaptive humor styles. Individuals with weak ability cannot control their feelings, which results in maladaptive humor styles in interpersonal relationships. },  
Keywords = {Humor, Self-control, Risk-taking},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {450-460}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = { 10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2824},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rabiee, Emran and Salehzadeh, Maryam and Asadi, Samane},  
title = {The Role of Marital Satisfaction and Perceived Social Support on Depression of Empty and Full Nest Elderly}, 
abstract ={Background: Elderly psychopathology has a special significance that nest status (living with or without offspring) can make it more complicated. This study aimed to assess predictors of depression in the elderly empty and nonempty nest. Methods: This correlational descriptive-casual and effect research was conducted in elderly day care centers, some city locations such as parks and streets, and retirement department of administrations and companies. Participants who answered 7 of 10 questions of Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) were entered into the research. 274 valid questionnaires were selected from 350 questionnaires distributed between older adults 60 years old and older. The sample was selected by sampling availability but location and population variations were considered. To collect the data we used the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (12 items, MSPSS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS). Regression analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results: Depression was negatively correlated with marital satisfaction and all subscales of MSPSS in both groups (empty and nonempty nest). In the empty nest group, the correlation of depression and family (-0.552), significant others (-0.372), and friends (-201) support, and marital satisfaction (0.552) were significant (p < 0.01). In the full nest group, the correlation of depression and family (-0.435), and friends (-0.385) support was significant (p < 0.01). Also correlation of depression and significant others (0.279) support, and marital satisfaction (-0.424) were significant (p < .05). In the empty nest group, marital satisfaction and family support reversely predicted depression. In the full nest group marital satisfaction reversely predicted depression. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that considering nest status in elderly depression is important and the type and power of variables in predicting depression in empty and full nest elderly are different. The findings of this study can have significant implications for geriatric health professionals.},  
Keywords = {Elderly, Marital satisfaction, Depression, Social support},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {461-470}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = { 10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2825},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KazemiDastjerdehei, Rezvan and Khosravi, Bahman and IravaniManesh, Naser and Mohammadi, Maryam and PanahiTosanloo, Mohammad and Bahabadi, Hamed Sattari},  
title = {Factors Affecting Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study}, 
abstract ={Background: It seems that violence is a critical issue that requires further research in order to offer new effective solutions in tune with the needs and context of the societies. The current study aimed to explore the influential factors for the incidence of domestic violence. Methods: The current research is a qualitative study conducted using content analysis. Study population included all patients admitted in the hospital to receive healthcare services. The sampling was conducted by interviewing with 50% of the hospitalized patients to assess their primary status, followed by selecting those who were found to be faced with violence. At this stage, 40 patients hospitalized as a result of domestic violence were included. Semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions were used to collect data. Results: The interviews revealed that poverty; addiction, underlying psychological disorders, delinquency, infertility of victim, family and cultural differences, inability to create emotional relationships, low educational level, low monthly income, high-risk sexual relationships, and ignoring moral codes are among the causes of domestic violence. Conclusion: It is obvious that the exact number of victims is hard to be estimated. It seems that lack of the legal, social, cultural, and economic supports results in persistence of violence creator factors at both family and society levels. It seems that performing legal solutions, strengthening social services, and paying more attention to violence creators are necessary when considering domestic violence.   },  
Keywords = {Domestic Violence, Social behavior, Social work},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {471-479}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2826},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Javadian, Seyed Reza and Hosseini, Atefeh},  
title = {The Relationship between Social Support and Job Performance 
of Social Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Receiving social support can result in a better job performance. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and job performance of social workers in Tehran. Methods: The statistical population included all social workers working in Tehran. For this purpose, 325 social workers in Tehran in 2017 were selected and studied by non probability convenience sampling and Cochran's formula. Phillips Social Support Inventory (PSSI) and Job Performance Questionnaire (JPQ) were used for data collection. In order to analyze the data, the correlation coefficient test, independent t-test, and multivariate regression were used. Results: The results indicated a positive correlation between all components of social support (family members’ support, friends’ support, and the others’ support) and job performance among social workers (P < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that it is only the others’ support which can predict changes in job performance (P < 0.01). Other results indicated that female and older social workers had a better job performance than male and younger social workers. Conclusion: Receiving enough social support puts the job performance of social workers in a desriable place and thus provides better quality services.    },  
Keywords = {Social support, Job performance, Social workers},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {480-486}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2827},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-122-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-122-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kian, Marjan and Ehsangar, Hengameh and Izanloo, Balal},  
title = {The Effect of Hidden Curriculum on Creativity and Social Skills: 
The Perspective of Elementary Schools}, 
abstract ={Background: Hidden curriculum in every school may have different side effects on students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations of hidden curriculum with creativity and social skills among elementary students. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of all sixth-grade elementary students in Roodsar, Gilan (including 616 students) in the academic year 2018-2019.  According to Morgan and Krejcie's Table, the sample size was 270 students, which were selected by simple random sampling.  The research tools included Taghipoor and Ghafari's Hidden Curriculum Questionnaire, Torrance's Creative Thinking Form B, and Matson's Social Skills Questionnaire. The validity and the reliability of the questionnaires were obtained, using Alpha Cronbach Coefficient and were 0.91, 0.90, and 0.86, respectively. Regression and path analysis were done for data analysis using SPSS 24. Results: The findings showed that hidden curriculum has a strong positive and significant relation with creativity in terms of school social climate. Also, the hidden curriculum had a strong positive and significant relation with the components of appropriate social skills, non-social behaviors, aggression, and supremacy. In addition, there was no significant relation between creativity and social skills. Moreover, the results of the path analysis showed that hidden curriculum has a positive and significant relation with the four components of social skills and finally. In addition, hidden curriculum had a significant relation with the students’ creativity. Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that hidden curriculum plays an important role through the implicit transfer of values, attitudes, and skills to students, especially on social skills and creativity, so that these issues need to be given more attention by the educators in every educational setting.  },  
Keywords = {Curriculum, Creativity, Social Skills, Elementary School},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {487-496}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2828},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farazmand, Mehrangiz and Aghapour, Mahdi},  
title = {Effectiveness of Cognitive Emotional Training on Psychological Capitals in the Students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder}, 
abstract ={Background: The present study was conducted aiming to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Emotional Training on psychological capitals in the students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Method: It was an experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group. The statistical population included adolescent with ODD studying at first high schools in the city of Tehran in academic year 2017-18. The samples included 30 adolescents with ODD who were selected through multi-stage clustered random sampling method and control groups (each group of 15). The experimental group received Cognitive Emotional Training during nine months while the control groups didn’t receive any intervention. Psychological capital and children and adolescents mental health questionnaires were used. The data analysis was conducted via SPSS 23 through ANCOVA (Due to separation of effect of pre-test scores) at the 0.05 error level. Results: The results showed that Cognitive Emotional Training has significantly influenced psychological capitals of the students with ODD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the results showed that this therapy was able to significantly maintain its effect in time (p < 0.001). This training has been able to improve the psychological capital of students with ODD. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that Cognitive Emotional Training using social and emotional techniques can influence psychological capitals of the students with ODD. Therefore Cognitive Emotional Training can be applied as an effective therapy in order to psychological capitals of the students with ODD.  },  
Keywords = {Oppositional defiant disorder, Cognitive Emotional Training, psychological capitals},
volume = {4},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {497-505}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i1.2829 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {OppongPeprah, Emmanuel},  
title = {The Review of Past Pandemics to Predict What to Expect after Covid-19}, 
abstract ={Several pandemics such as the Spanish flu; and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome have come and gone with similar consequences felt after they were contained. It can be suggested that a critical study of events after past pandemics can help one make an informed guess about what to expect after the current pandemic. Therefore, this paper aimed to examine the post-events of past pandemics to predict events after Covid-19. Published articles were collected and reviewed from scholarly literature, Web search engines, and citation databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Information gathering for this study was largely done in the second quarter of 2020 on mainly Google Scholar with the final inclusion criteria word search being pandemic, epidemic, plague, disease, crises, infection, viral, and outbreak whiles the final exclusion criteria word search being science, scientific, environment, biology, chemistry, law, and political. Peer-reviewed articles were sorted and reviewed to contribute to understanding and developing a perspective in assessing past pandemics and Covid-19. Other authentic non-peer-reviewed online sources were also searched, and their required information was also considered. Literature was reviewed on historical pandemics, which killed many people up to percentages of the whole population. Although all of them were deadly, the three recent outbreaks were checked in-depth, namely the 1918 Spanish Flu, Ebola, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. The current pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization, is Covid-19. This study makes several predictions under different categories including: social, psychological, economic, and global conditions, as well as the possible benefits of Covid-19. The findings encompass fear and paranoia among people, the psychological need of survivors, stigmatization, growth in religious fanaticism, stock market returns, increment in unemployment, higher cost of doing business, impact on the global financial system, temporary dysfunction of global supply chains, the cost to the world economy, increased interest in infectious disease prevention, stronger bonding between humans and nations, and advancement in clinical research.},  
Keywords = {Covid-19, Disease, Infection, Outbreak, Pandemic},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {506-518}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4676 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ReisiDastgerdi, Mahin Dokht and Arefi, Mozhg},  
title = {Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy According to Dougas Model on 
Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and Emotion Regulation in the Students with Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, 
abstract ={Background: The emergence of generalized anxiety disorder in the students causes creation of other psychological and cognitive damages. Therefore the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy according to Dougas model on Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and Emotion Regulation in the students with generalized anxiety disorder. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design the statistical population included students with generalized anxiety disorder in academic year 2017-18 in the city of Isfahan. 30 students with generalized anxiety disorder were selected from the statistical population purposive non-random sampling method and were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 students in the experimental and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received twelve ninety-minute sessions of therapy interventions related to cognitive therapy based on Dougas model during three months once a week while the control group didn’t receive any intervention during the study. The applied instruments included generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire, emotion-regulation questionnaire and meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire. Data analysis from the study was done via SPSS23 software through Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) method. Results: The results of data analysis showed that cognitive therapy based on Dougas model has significantly influenced Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and Emotion Regulation in the students with generalized anxiety disorder (p < 0.001) in that this therapy could lead to the increase of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and Emotion Regulation in the students with generalized anxiety disorder. The effect size of this treatment on metacognitive beliefs and emotional adjustment was 0.72 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it is suggested to apply cognitive therapy based on Dougas model as an efficient method in order to increase Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and Emotion Regulation in the students with generalized anxiety disorder.},  
Keywords = {Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Cognitive Therapy, Meta-Cognitive Beliefs, Emotion Regulation},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {519-528}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4677 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ramazani, Batol and Bakhtiari, Foroogh},  
title = {Effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy on Loneliness Feeling in the Seniors Present at Nursing Homes}, 
abstract ={Background: Moving away from family can cause psychological and emotional trauma for the elderly. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on loneliness feeling among the elderly in a nursing home in Isfahan. Methods: The method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population of this study included all of the elderly in Sadeghieh nursing home in Isfahan in 2018. The sample of this study included 30 elderly people being selected by purposive sampling and then randomly included in the experimental and control groups (15 elderly people in each group). The experimental group received the therapeutic interventions related to spiritual therapy at eight sessions of 90 minutes every week for two months. Then, the subjects in both groups were re-tested. The used instruments included Russell’s loneliness questionnaire (1996). After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, the data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS23 statistical software at 0.05 error level. Results: spiritual therapy had a significant effect on loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home (p < 0.001). In this regard, this therapy could reduce loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home. The effect of spiritual therapy on loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home was 53%. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, spiritual therapy can reduce loneliness among the elderly by the techniques such as taking responsibility, assigning cases to God, strengthening the intention, and deleting negative thoughts.},  
Keywords = {Loneliness, Elderly, Spiritual Therapy},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {529-536}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4679 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bidaki, Reza and Ghazalbash, Hadi and Alesaeidi, Sogol and Ghazalbash, Zahra and BarkhoordarianAhmadabadi, Azadeh and Kholasezade, Golraste},  
title = {Frequency Distribution of Divorce Causes in Yazd City}, 
abstract ={Background: Divorce, as a consequence of family disruption, is a common phenomenon within all communities. Considering the increased frequency of divorce cases in Yazd city during recent years, this study was conducted to investigate the distribution of divorce causes and aimed to design an efficient program to deal with it. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on the data collected from 118 male and female individuals referring to Yazd courts with divorce requests during  12 months. The participants were randomly selected and asked to complete a researcher-made questionnaire about the divorce. one of which include the participants' general information The second section contain 18 sub-scales and dealt with different causes of divorce. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS version 17. Results: The most effective divorce factor was misunderstanding and disagreement (44.9%), while the least important factor was friends (1.7%). Based on the results, the involvement of friends had the lowest effect on the incidence of divorce (1.7 %), while misunderstanding and disagreement were among the most frequent causes of divorce (44.9 %). Causes of divorce included addiction, unemployment, delinquency and infidelity, mental illness, violence, insults, and immorality. In terms of gender differences and economic conditions, a significant difference was revealed in the divorce rate in this respect, as well as other factors of divorce. The findings also representea a significant difference in the divorce rate with respect to education status (p = 0/6). Conclusion: The findings showed that disagreement was the main underlying cause of divorce. Disagreement includes various moral, cultural, and religious aspects. Infidelity was also another most frequent cause of divorce in Iran and other countries. Considering different factors that affect the incidence of divorce, some strategies should be seriously consider before and after marriage to prevent and decrease its frequency within the society.},  
Keywords = {Divorce, Infidelity, Social Problems, Moralities},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {537-544}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4680},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saiki, Diana and Kandiah, Jay and Gunlach, Jessica and Melton, Mike},  
title = {Pilot Analysis of a Survey to Assess University Undergraduate Males Stress, Dressing and Eating Habits}, 
abstract ={Background: Stress can effect all aspects of life, including eating and dressing behavior. These changes impact the health and wellness of individuals. With less known research on men, the purpose of this study was to report preliminary findings using an original research instrument to assess the perceived effects of stress on eating and dressing behaviors among undergraduate college males. Methods: The sample included 32 male undergraduate students enrolled at a Midwestern University in the United States in 2017 completed the survey. The participants completed the survey two weeks apart. The instrument, Male Stress Dressing and Eating Survey, included 42 questions divided into four sections: 1) demographics, 2) effort put forth to control dressing and making healthy eating choices, 3) patterns of dressing and eating when stressed, and 4) clothing items worn and foods eaten when under non-stressful and stressful conditions. Cohen’s Kappa (κ) was used to analyze test-retest reliability. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test, a nonparametric, paired sample test, was used to ascertain preliminary results pertaining to eating and dressing during perceived conditions. Results: Kappa values for these dressing question ranged from κ = -0.01 to κ = 0.60. All Infraclass Correlation Coefficient test-retest coefficients were statistically significant (p < 0.05), with the median being .66 demonstrating good reliability. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests indicated that men under perceived stress were more likely to choose mixed dishes, salty-crunchy foods, sweet foods, and modify their diet. When under perceived stress, these men used fewer accessories and did not dress formally, were not engaged in hair maintenance behaviors, were less likely to use scent enhancer, and did not enhance their appearance. Conclusion: This survey has the potential to be reliable and useful in research related to stress, food, and dressing. Specifically, the instrument appears to be a useful tool for practitioners and researchers in the applied and academic areas associated with this age group and gender.  },  
Keywords = {Stress, College, Food, Dressing, Men, Eating Habits},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {545-552}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4682 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohamed, Nazar and Elfeky, Samar and Khashoggi, Mohamed and Ibrahim, Sarah and Aliahia, Amaal and AlShatti, Ahmad and El-Ziq, Ibrahim and Alhindi, Bushr},  
title = {Community Participation and Empowerment in Healthy Cities Initiative: Experience from the Eastern Mediterranean Region}, 
abstract ={Background: The concept of Healthy City has been widely accepted globally and has been established in all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Community involvement, empowerment, and leadership are embedded core principles in the Healthy Cities initiative and pillars to achieve the health and health-related sustainable development goals. This article aimed to present the findings of the recent evaluation of eleven healthy cities in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Methods: The  evaluation was based on the 80 indicators of a WHO/EMRO Healthy City. It included eleven cities (Al-Dariyah, Jalajil, Al-Jamoum, Unaiza, Riyadh Alkhubra, Sharoura, Al-Madina, Al-Taif, and Al-Mundaq in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Al-Yarmouk in Kuwait, and Manama in Bahrain). Results: The findings revealed that eleven cities were peculiar in demonstrating community involvement, empowerment, and leadership in real terms. All had proper mechanisms for their communities to voice themselves and participate in decision-making, assessing the needs, setting priorities, planning better for their cities, and monitoring. Their community engagement was based on voluntarism with a high sense of loyalty. This feature has been well demonstrated in their community organizations, such as women and youth groups, health volunteers, community-based organizations, etc. Conclusion: Although community participation and empowerment remain at the heart of the healthy cities initiative, to be more meaningful, the government-related sectors must foresee this as an integral part of long-term strategic development. Moreover, a paradigm shift towards a more integrated approach to promote health and well-being would accelerate the achievement of health-related sustainable development goals and reduce health inequities in urban settings which would require multi-stakeholder collaboration, including public, private, and community civil societies.},  
Keywords = {Healthy Cities, Community Participation, Empowerment, Eastern Mediterranean Region},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {553-565}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = { 10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4684 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shokrekhodaei, Niloofar Sadat and Yousefi, Zahr},  
title = {Comparing Executive Functions in Normal and Diabetic Children in the City of Isfahan}, 
abstract ={Background: The emergence of chronic physiologic diseases such as diabetes damages the children's psychological, cognitive, communicational, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare executive functions in normal and diabetic children. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population included healthy and sick children in 2019 in Isfahan. The statistical population of the study included diabetic children and 150 healthy children who were selected through convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires focused on their executive functions. The data from the study were analyzed through t method. Results: There was a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy ones in the variable of executive functions (p < 0.001), in a way that diabetic children got lower mean scores in executive functions. The mean scores of executive functions of children with diabetes were 233.63 and the mean scores of non-diabetic children were 192.64. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that diabetes causes the decrease of executive functions due to being chronic and this process emphasizes the necessity of applying child-oriented psychological interventions for these people.},  
Keywords = {Executive Functions, Diabetes, Children},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {566-573}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4686},
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Afrasiabi, Hossein and Barzideh, Kasr},  
title = {Emotion Suspension: Emotional Experience of Cancer Patients}, 
abstract ={Background: People and communities’ reaction to cancer disease, much like any other diseases, can be due to their cultures, norms, and values. At the personal and family level, the unfamiliarity with the disease can cause many issues for a person. These conditions alter the patient's daily functions, roles, and emotions. Efforts to manage emotions and form behaviors become processes of bonding between the patient's body and social experiences. The aim of this research was to explore the emotions of cancer patients by discovering their understanding and interpretation. Methods: This research employed a qualitative approach utilizing the grounded theory method. Semi-structured interviews were done with 17 cancer patients and their caregivers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling method (snowball), and the data provided from the interviews after implementation were analyzed using the theoretical coding method. Results: The findings were classified into 5 main categories including: helplessness in notification, expectation of continuous empathy, admission delay, desire for emotional retrieval, and social distress. Ultimately, "suspense of emotions" was proposed to be regarded as the major phenomenon that was experienced by cancer patients. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, patients' confusion in the face of cancer and their special conditions can create a condition of coping with the situation which prevents the achievement of stability at early stages, and before reaching relatively established conditions, the patients and those close to them are suspended for some time. This condition puts their emotions in a volatile situation, which brings the experience of suspending emotions.},  
Keywords = {Cancer, Emotions, Emotion Suspension},
volume = {4},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {574-582}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences},

doi = { 10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4688 },
url = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.html},  
eprint = {http://sbrh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health},  
issn = {}, 
eissn = {2783-2104}, 
year = {2020}  
}